[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH
1864

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 1, 1864, p. 2, c. 3
           
Nearly all the troops that arrive here, especially if they have been long in the service, are destitute of socks.  Quartermasters are unable to buy them at the schedule prices, and consequently cannot issue them. We have received and distributed many pairs to those needy men, and solicit further contributions from the ladies for this purpose.  All socks sent to us for distribution, will be acknowledged, and will be issued either directly to needy applicants, or be placed in the hands of the Quartermaster of any regiment or the Captain of any company, as may be desired.  We urge the ladies to send forward their contributions at once.  They will not remain long in our hands. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 7, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We are pleased to learn that the Bastrop Military Institute will receive twelve young men who have been wounded in the Confederate service, and are unable to educate themselves, and educate them free of charge, except for actual cost of boarding.  It will also teach twenty more without charge, provided they board elsewhere than at the Academy.  The only proviso is that they are indigent, and have been disabled in the service.  The proposition is a liberal one. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 12, 1864, p. 2, c. 1           
           
We understand the Israelites of Houston yesterday presented some of the soldiers in this vicinity with twenty india rubber tents.  The present was a timely one, and speaks well for those who made it. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 14, 1864, p. 1, c. 2-3

Resources of Southern fields and Forrests [sic]

                                                                                                                                                Glenblythe, Dec. 29th, 1863.
           
Ed. Teleraph—Thanks for your loan of Surgeon Porcher’s “Resources of the Southern Field’s [sic] and Forrests [sic];” in which I have found very much of interest.  And most heartily wish that the surgeon general, or somebody else who hs it in their power, would favor me with a copy sent to your care.
           
I begin my promised digest.                                                                                                  T. A.

The Chinese Sugar Cane.

            Dr. Porcher speaks in high terms of this plant, and of the syrup made from it.  I had a small crop last year, and am so much pleased with the result, as to be now preparing for it as a main crop.
           
Prepare the ground well and deeply, plant early with a view to a full crop and early grinding, although it may be planted at any time, up to June.  One or two good showers will cause it to give a wonderful yield.  On our black prairies, rows 4 ½ feet, dropping two or three seeds at every 16 inches, is about the proper distance, tend as if corn.
           
The plant throws up stalks in succession; the first watering their seeds when the roots are about half grown, and so on, depending on the season and showers.
           
I tried the experiment of cutting off the blossom, so soon as it showed itself on the oldest stalks; and found them become, in four or five days, decidedly sweeter than those not topped.  But, with the first shower, or within a week or ten days if the soil be moist, a seed stalk is pushed at the base of every leaf, when these stalks soon lost their sweetness until the seed again approached maturity.
           
My experiment was not sufficiently extensive, long continued or repeated often enough to warrant saying more, than as yet I deem it best, to let the seed of each planting become ripe or nearly so before beginning to cut and grind; that [then?] push through with the piece as rapidly as possible.
           
I found it the most expeditious, to have the leaves stripped from the stalks whilst standing, then cut down, hauled to the mill and the seeds cut off there.
           
Oxen and mules are much fonder of the fodder when green than when dried.  The seeds are relished by all kinds of stock.  Hogs will keep in growing order on the stalks; but do not fatten.  As forage for anything but horses, cattle and hogs, I prefer drilled corn to sugar millet.
           
For the making of syrup and sugar from the juice of this plant, Dr. P. quotes at some length from the writings of northern chemists, writing from their laboratories.  The whole lacks practicability.
           
I was fortunate enough to have the services of Negroes, trained on a first-class Louisiana sugar plantation, worth a whole regiment of Yankee chemists.
           
Four small wash kettles, the largest of about 30 gallon capacity, were set in the furnace, in a row; the largest next the chimney, and called the grand.  They were set each about an inch or inch and half above the next; the grand being the lowest; and had their capacity greatly increased by being cased around above their edges, with thin stones set in cement or lime, with a casement of wood over all; the top of which was some eight or ten inches above the edges of the kettles, declining in height towards the grand.—The smallest kettle, next the mouth of the furnace, which boiled most vigorously, is called the siro.
           
I had secured an old-fashioned sugar mill, to be driven by mules, consisting of three cast iron rollers, set on end, with cogs on their circumference, at their upper ends.  The center roller being turned, caused the others to turn with it; the canes were crushed between them, and the juice flowed into a trough placed below.
           
To have the work go on steadily and regularly, the capacity of the mill and of the kettles should be, as nearly as possible, kept up to the same point.  There should be little interruption to the work, after it is started; else it is difficult to make good syrup.
           
The cane is passed first into the grand.  To each charge a quantity of strong lime water is added, depending upon the condition of the juice.  My canes were very ripe, yielding of course less juice, but a larger proportion of sugar.  Two quarts of lime-water was put to each charge.  Canes grown on strong lime soil, as are these black prairies, contain a large proportion of lime; and I am induced to believe the juice from them requires less lime-water than if grown upon soil less calcareous or limy.
           
From the first moment the scum begins to rise, it must be carefully and continuously skimmed off.  As the juice thickens by boiling, it requires more space, and is baled forward into the other kettles.  It will be seen that the manner of setting each higher than the other, enables the attendant to strip off the scum with a long, broad paddle into the next kettle below, and so into the grand, where it is finally skimmed off.  By this careful and attentive skimming, the sediment, gum, starch, &c., are boiled out of the syrup, instead into it, as by the usual practice. The boiling is finished off in the siro.  I found none of the reported strainings, filterings, and other manifestations, recommended by the Yankee chemists, quoted by Dr. P., to be at all necessary.
           
It would be better for three or four neighbors to join, where kettles are scarce, and set four, or even five in one furnace, though good syrup could be made I presume, with even one kettle.
           
The syrup is excellent.  Have not tried yet making it into sugar.  The yield per acre is remunerating; say from two to four barrels.
   
                                                                                                                                             [Yours, T. A.

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 14, 1864, p. 2, c. 2

Indigo.

            The soil of the rich alluvial bottoms of Texas is peculiarly adapted to the culture of the Indigo plant, frequently attaining the height of from four to six feet, with comparatively no care in either the mode of planting or means of cultivation.  Farmers who attempted its culture in Brazos county, utterly failed in procuring the dark blue precipitate in which consists its chief value.  I have been informed by those who have experimented in the manufacture of Indigo in Texas, that the invariable result has been a deep green precipitate, not in a solid mass, but rather in floating follicles. To obviate this result is the principal object of this article.
           
It should be borne in mind that all the varieties of the indigo plant, from the Indigofera tinctoria to the Baptisia tinctoria, contains a greenish brown and greenish red coloring substance, each of which yields more readily in the process of manufacture than the deep blue.  Hence great care is requisite in order to obtain the desired results.
           
Time of planting.—The ground should be thoroughly prepared by plowing and harrowing, run out in furrows about three feet apart, the seeds planted in drills about one foot distant from each other.  This should be done as early in the spring as the temperature and condition of the soil will permit.  One or two plowings between the rows will be sufficient for the season, unless the ground is quite foul with weeds or other undergrowth.  New ground is preferable, when it can be had, but even in old fields there is no crop that will yield so rich a reward to the husbandman, with the same amount of labor, as the one under consideration.
           
Time of gathering.—When the plants are in their greatest perfection, the seeds well formed but not yet ripe, is regarded as the best time for gathering the stalks by those engaged in its culture in the East Indies as an article of commerce.  Although an inferior article of Indigo is manufactured from the stalks reserved as seed bearers, after the seeds are gathered, the difference between the two articles is so marked and apparent, that the latter always commands a much less price than the former.  The first is always formed in firm dense cakes, presenting upon fracture, a bright glistening blue, while the latter contains less of the blue coloring matter, and an excess of the brown.  The cakes are more porous and more soluble in water, hence its inferiority.
           
Mode of manufacturing.—The plants having been gathered as above indicated, they are placed in large barrels or vats, and covered with rain water (no other kind of water should be used.)  Our streams and wells generally contain sufficient foreign matter, either of a saline, chalybeate, or sulphuric character, sufficient in quantity to prevent the desired result.  These barrels or vats should be allowed to remain in the sun.  In a few days the fermentive process will commence.  The stalks should be stirred up once or twice every day, from the commencement.  According to the rapidity of fermentation will the stalks yield their several coloring principles to the water.  The length of time which they should remain in the water is determined by the water assuming a deep green color. The stalks are now taken out, and a small quantity of lime water, or a solution of potash or salaratus [sic] is added to the water, in order to aid the precipitation of the Indigo.  The water is now either decanted or drawn off by means of a faucet placed immediately above the precipitate.
           
This precipitate now undergoes a marked chemical change, from a bright green to a deep blue color—from a soluble substance to one that will but sparingly yield its coloring matter to either water or alcohol.  This change is doubtless caused by the rapid absorption of oxygen from the air.
           
This precipitate is now collected, washed upon linen strainers, moulded in such shapes as fancy may dictate, placed in the sun and dried.  The process is thus completed—the yield incredible, the reward abundant—the result satisfactory.
                                               
                                                                                                                                    **

Poppy.

            The Poppy is too well known to require any description.  Its vast varieties have been cultivated in gardens as ornamental plants from time immemorial—while all along our vast plains and wood-scoped prairies, a variety may be found growing wild, presenting all the floral beauties of the more highly favored members of this family, which has so long received the fostering care of the tasteful gardener.  But, as a source of profit by the manufacturing of opium, the only variety that will remunerate the laborer is the White Poppy.  This is distinguished from others by its round smooth stalk, growing to the height of from three to six feet, and by its large white or silver gray-colored flowers, often double and not unfrequently tinged with a deep violet color at their base.
           
Mode of Cultivation.—The manner of cultivating the Poppy is quite similar to that of the Indigo plant, it may, however, be planted much thicker as the stalks are not so branching, and the plant absorbs less support from the soil hence it grows well in comparatively poor ground.
           
In this country with early planting it will bloom by the middle of May or the first of June.  In a few weeks thereafter the capsules will be nearly half grown, at which time its milky fluid is fully elaborated and the process of collecting it should commence—this is quite simple, consisting in making small longitudinal incisions with a sharp knife, in the capsules and various portions of the stalk, from which a tenacious milky fluid escapes.  This is collected every day, and the process of incision again renewed from day to day until it ceases to flow.  This juice when collected is put in large deep plates and exposed to the action of the sun until it acquires consistency sufficient to form it into flat cakes or which is better round balls.  In this condition it should be allowed to dry for three or four weeks.  It is then fit for market, and sold under the name of Opium.
           
It might not be inappropriate to remark in this connection, that Opium thus procured is entirely free from adulteration or deterioration and would be more anxiously sought after by our physicians and druggists, than even the Turkey Opium provided our trade with that country was at present entirely uninterrupted.
           
Another process of extracting the active properties of the Poppy consists in macerating the capsules and stalks, rejecting the leaves, previously bruised to a pulp in a small quantity of water and straining it through flannel.
           
The inspiesated [sic?] fluid thus obtained is evaporated down by means of a sand bath, or an opened mouth vessel kept in boiling water until the desired consistency is attained.  Although the result of this process is vastly inferior to the first, it has this advantage, it can be resorted to after the capsules and stalks have ceased to yield any exudation by incision or acupuncture; and although the opium thus obtained is vastly inferior to that procured by the former process, it is nevertheless superior to the ordinary article of commerce.
           
Profit.—One acre of ground properly attended to, will yield from fifty to sixty pounds of opium by the first process, and about twenty by the last.  Estimating the pure to be worth $100 per pound, and the inferior at $50 per pound, you have, as the proceeds of one acre of land, a sum exceeding six thousand dollars, and that, too, by work that can be done by small negroes, at a season when they have little or nothing else to do.
           
To us, especially at this time, there is another source of profit and utility that should not be overlooked.  All the varieties of the Poppy yield a large amount of seeds which contain a great quantity of bland oil, which is easily expressed.  This oil is a complete substitute for the pure Olive Oil, and can be used for all purposes, both in the arts and sciences for which that oil has so justly commanded attention.
   
                                                                                                                                                                     *** 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 14, 1864, p. 2, c. 2
                                               
                                                                                    Moscow, Polk county, Jan. 4, 1864
           
Editor Telegraph—On last Wednesday, about noon, during one of the coldest and hardest rains of the season, the monotony of our usual quiet village was interrupted by the entrance of Capt. R. S. Poole, commanding detachment 24th Texas Cavalry, with forty men in hot pursuit of some deserters from Sabine Pass.  Learning that a body of the deserters were about fifteen miles ahead, the Captain gave orders for immediate pursuit at full speed.  Although the rain was pouring down in torrents, and very cold, yet the gallant Captain would not tarry a moment to partake of refreshments offered by the patriotic citizens of Moscow.  but off they went at full speed, overtaking and capturing the deserters, 29 in number the same evening.  On Thursday night Capt. Poole, with the 29 prisoners and guard of forty men stopped in this place over night.  The citizens of Moscow desire to bear testimony to the gentlemanly conduct and soldierly bearing of Captain Poole and his brave command, whom we know to be performing good service in arresting deserters, and freeing the country from Jayhawkers and turbulent characters, thus contributing to the peace and security of the country and the morale of our army.  The discipline of Capt. Poole's company seemed to be perfect, and the Captain's constant personal attention to business was marked by all.
   
                                                                                                                                 Citizens of Moscow. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 14, 1864, p. 2, c. 4
           
We regret to observe the suspension of the Marshall Republican.  It is the ablest paper left in the East.  In fact always was the ablest paper there. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 15, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
Miss Tucker, of Weatherford, deserves to bear off the palm.  She has made with her own fair hands a pair of cotton cards, and carded, spun, wove, and made her own dresses.  Who can beat that. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 20, 1864, p. 2, c. 3

To the Ladies of Texas.

            The troops of Gen. Tom Green's Division are very much in need of socks. l It is impossible for Quartermasters to supply them with this most essential article of clothing, and this appeal is now made to you for the purpose of aiding us during the winter campaign.  Very few of our men have any socks, except such as are fortunate enough to have received them from home.  Agents have been appointed to gather as many socks together as can be purchased, but the supply is insufficient.  Any clothing deposited with Mr. Peter Crow, Brenham, Texas, or Col. Boone at Hempstead, will be forwarded immediately to the Captain of the company to which the soldier belongs.  Those desiring it, will be paid the maximum price allowed by Government for the articles furnished.  Socks and hats are most needed for the men of the Division.
           
It will be made the duty of every Quartermaster of this Division, to see that all contributions of clothing made to the troops of the Division, is properly turned over to the commanding officers of company's [sic], to be by them delivered to the proper owners.  In this way it is hoped that soldiers will receive all donations promptly that are made to them.
                                               
                                                                                                J. H. Beck, Maj. & Q. M.,
                                               
                                                                                            Green's Cavalry Division. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 20, 1864, p. 2, c. 4
           
Wanted, at the Texas Penitentiary.—
           
800 bales cotton, not to class below Low Middling, for which I will pay 25 cents per lb., one half in cotton goods.
           
30,000 lbs. wool, clear of burrs, for which I will pay one dollar per lb., either in money or cotton goods.
           
20,000 lbs. bacon, clear sides, for which I will give one yard osnaburgs for 3 lbs.
           
15,000 lbs. lard, for which I will give one yard osnaburgs for 3 lbs.
           
10,000 lbs. flour, for which I will pay 30 cts. per lb. in cotton goods.
           
The above supplies must be delivered at this place within eight weeks from this date.
                                               
                                                                                                S. B. Hendricks,
                                               
                                                                                    Financial Agent Penitentiary.
           
Huntsville, January 20, 1864.
           
Galveston News, and State Gazette publish 5 times and send bill to this office. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 21, 1864, p. 1, c. 4

Indigo No. 2.

            Dr. Porcher devotes several pages to this subject, but none of the articles he quotes seem to me nearly so clear and practical as that of which I have given you a digest.
           
To the north of this place, some ten or a dozen miles, either near the Gegua or Davidson's creek, there is quite a patch of the native Indigo, to which the ladies for miles around have resorted for many years, for the plant to dye with.  I was strongly in hopes that some of them had stumbled on a more natural process, of dyeing their thread or wool in the liquor in which the plant had been steeped, and before the process of heating; but cannot learn that this has been done.
           
Here again, is a stumbling block in the way—that of explaining the why and because, in simple language.  This heating is for the purpose of exposing the liquor to the air, so that a chemical change may take place by the taking up of a gas from the air, by which the coloring matter is separated and can be gathered together and dried.  In order to dye with the dried indigo, it must be brought back by the use of copperas, or alum or lye, to the condition in which it was before it was exposed to the air in the process of heating.
           
I do not intend to enter into a discussion with the ladies, and especially the old ones; who know infinitely more, practically, than I do, in this case.  But I desire to use the suggestion as a test on which to remark:
           
That we of the South have been a very blind people!  Will we ever become less so?  We grow the cotton and the wool; can grow the hemp, the flax, the dyestuffs—as Indigo, Madder, Wood, &c.; and the Teazles; can make the Pot and Pearlash, the Barilla and Soda, the Sulphuric Acid; and in fact, every article used in the manufacture of cotton and wool into cloth.  Yet we have, in the face of the volumes of facts published in this connection, through a long series of years, done everything in our power to continue subject to, because dependent on Yankeedom and Europe for every rag we wore, until we had cultivated the feeling of contempt on the part of the Yankees towards those to whom they naturally felt themselves infinitely superior, that has brought about this cruel and ruinous war.  We have paid the heavy cost of transportation on both cotton and goods, with all the large profits made by those whose hands they passed through—an immense profit to the manufacturer—not only a legitimate profit, but derived from every possible series of rascality, by cheating in the materials used, &c.; and have also paid a big price, as the cost of bringing the baled cotton back to the condition in which it was when it left the flue of the gin-stand, when it was in a better state to make a good and strong thread, than it can ever again be brought to.  And so it is and has been with wool, hides, &c.
           
Query.—Looking to the past, how long time will elapse after we secure our independence, politically, before we again become entirely dependent, in a commercial and manufacturing way, upon our bitter enemies, the Yankees, and our unfreens, the English and French?
           
But to return to our subject, Indigo:  I do not think it necessary to be equally precise with the processes of draining and drying, and of pressing the Indigo.  For home use it may be treated in a very simple manner.  Any one proposing to engage in the crop as a business, will inform himself more fully than he can do through a newspaper article.
           
When the heating process is completed, the liquor must not rest until the mud or indigo settles to the bottom; when the reddish colored water must be drawn off; the mud dipped out and placed on frames, covered with close linen, hemp or even cotton cloth, to drain thoroughly; placed under cover.
           
It should be scraped off, and put on fresh cloths, until the mud becomes stiff enough to be placed in a box, lined with a loose cloth, and subjected to pressure; where it may remain twenty-four hours; then to be taken out and worked over in a basin with a paddle; or better if beaten in a smooth mould, in which it may be cut into squares of, say, two inches each way.  These squares are then taken out and dried.  If any white mould appears on the surface, it must be carefully brushed off.
           
There are other processes by which the coloring matter of the Indigo plant is extracted—as, by hot water, and without lime or ley, and from the dried leaves.  But I will consider your limited space, and refrain.
           
Dr. Porcher says:  "According to Lesunes, the decoction of the root possesses the property of action against poison, and is useful in nephritic diseases.  In Jamaica, it is employed to destroy vermin.  The leaves are alterative, and are given in nephatic disorders."  These, your readers can look into their dictionaries, or consult the Doctors.
           
This I can add, the dried Indigo has been found a useful remedy in croup, giving so much of the powder as would lie on a dime, repeating if necessary.
           
The powder, moistened with water, and applied to the spot stung by a bee, or wasp, will give immediate relief.
           
You have had enough of blueing for this boat!
           
Glenblythe, Jan. 11, '64.                                                                                                                  T. A. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 22, 1864, p. 1, c. 4

To the Citizens of Texas.

            Under the approbation of Lt. Gen. E. Kirby Smith, I have drawn up a plan for supplying the soldiers and citizens of this Military Department with Clothing, &c.  I have obtained from the Legislature of Texas a charter granting the necessary privileges; also making a conditional grant, which, to the company I propose to organize, will amount to between one and two hundred thousand acres of land.  The privileges granted by the Confederate authorities will be of great pecuniary advantage; the whole being equal to a bounty of some three to five hundred thousand dollars.  The plan is simply to establish and operate a Cotton and Woolen Factory, of sufficient capacity to manufacture some $8,000,000 worth of cloth per annum.  The machinery can be obtained.  The Factory can be established and operated by those who have had experience in this business.  The profits will be sufficient to satisfy the most craving.  Your Confederate notes can be invested in that which is equal to specie, and at little, if any, discount.
           
While thus investing most profitably to yourselves, you will greatly benefit the citizens of your State; the soldiers family; the army fighting for your liberties.
           
Instead of depreciating our currency, our entire operations will tend to enhance its value.  These are bold assertions, but they are based on clear calculations founded on practical experience.  To carry out its plans the company will need $1,000,000 Confederate money.  This will be raised by shares of $1000 each.  One gentleman has already offered to take 100 shares in cash, and invest 200 bags of cotton at a fair valuation, in the same way.  Will not the citizens and capitalists of Texas at once take the 1000 shares and put the whole in operation.
           
I wish you clearly to understand that, to accomplish this, we expect to meet great difficulties and run many risks.  Energy, activity, perseverance and prudence, will surmount the difficulties.  Your Government, by its liberal offers and grants, have covered almost the entire risk.  As to profits the Company can reduce the present prices at least one half and yet, when in full operation realize a profit of $25,000 per diem.  Should peace be established you will own a property that will produce you annually in specie funds not less than 33 per cent.
           
For further information, I refer you to the bearer of this, or to the undersigned at Washington, Texas.
                                               
                                                                                                            Thos. Lockett,
                                               
                                                                                                            Capt. P. A. C. S.
           
Austin, Dec. 16th, 1863.
           
Remark:--Maj. Lockett has the best endorsements possible in this Department.  He has over half the stock proposed taken.  He now offers to the people of Houston an opportunity to enter into this matter.  We urge their attention to it.  He is stopping at the Rusk House.—Ed. Tel. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 23, 1864, p. 1, c. 3

The Poppy and Opium.

            Under any other circumstances than those now existing in our Confederacy, the cultivation of the Poppy for Opium would be nearly as objectionable, on account of the negroes, as would be a rum distillery, just over the fence and in irresponsible hands.  Let this be borne in mind.
           
The variety cultivated for opium is one having a branching habit of growth, having large white blossoms, and a capsule or head as large as a good sized lemon, though all the Poppy tribe will yield the gum, proportioned to the size and thickness of the capsules.
           
The cultivation of the large variety, as a field crop, is very similar to cotton; rows, say, three feet; plants fourteen inches apart.  Prepare the ground well.  Sow early, during lat of January and first half of February.  It is a plant that loves a rich soil, and pays well for suitable manure on poor land.  After the plant is a foot high, do not cultivate deeply, but merely to keep down the weeds.
           
The opium is the sap of the plant, procured by scarifying the sides of the capsule, when it is full grown and the petals, or flower leaves, are still plump and fresh—some say, not until the petals have fallen off.  This scarifying is affected by making, at sunset, two longitudinal incisions, from below upwards, without penetrating the cavity, with an instrument which has two points, as fine and sharp as a lancet; the incisions are repeated every evening; until each capsule has received six or eight wounds, and they are then allowed to ripen their seeds.  The juice which exudes is collected in the evening, and being inspissated (become thick by drying) to a proper consistence, by working it in an earthen pot in the sun's heat, is formed into cakes, for sale."
           
It is best to make the incisions circular and upward; by which more juice will flow out and less of it drop on the ground.
           
I would be glad to have a little seed of a large variety.
                                               
                                                                                                                        T. A.
           
Glenblythe, Jan. 12th 1864. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 23, 1864, p. 2, c. 1

A Sensible Scheme.

            About the time of the beginning of the war, some of the merchants of Houston interested themselves in getting up a Manufacturing Company, and we believe the capital for the company was readily obtained.  It fell through by reason of timidity, and nothing else.  Had the enterprise been carried out as it was in the power of the projectors any time in 1860, every dollar of the stock would to-day be worth five dollars in gold, while the profits of the establishment, costing as was then estimated, about $40,000, would now be reckoned in millions.  No man can for a moment question this.  Since then it has been thought to be injudicious to undertake things of this kind for the reason that the blockade would make them exceedingly expensive, and that the expected short duration of the war would soon put a period to the profits.  Had the machinery however been run in in 1861 or 1862 or 1863, the enormous profits would have been beyond computation.  We have yet to suffer for the want of enterprise, and enterprising men still rest in idleness, and prepare for the same regrets in 1865 and 1866.
           
Is not this childish?  Is it not time for us to begin to take the practical views of things?
           
Maj. Lockett, who is now in town, an old and experienced manufacturer endorsed as such, as well as a man of entire probity and of business habits by the highest authority in the Trans-Mississippi Department; has a charter for a cotton and a woolen factory, to be built on a capital of $1,000,000 Confederate money.  Of this, he has $500,000 already taken.  His plan appears to be simple and certain.  His showing of the cost of machinery, the cost and mode of getting it here, the cost of building and the cost of working is lucid.  By it no one can fail to see, that as a business operation, there are few opportunities in a lifetime equal to it.
           
Many business men affect to regard Confederate money as worthless.  they have cart-loads of it packed away, and pretend that they know not what to do with it.  We commend to them the experiment of putting some of it into this enterprise.  They will at least do the country the service of helping to supply the army with clothing, even if they do not gain a good return for their investment, in profit.
           
We hope Major Luckett will meet with the encouragement due to an enterprise so useful and promising, and that timidity in business matters so unusual in our people, will not stand in the way of his success. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 26, 1864, p. 1, c. 3
           
Editor Telegraph:--I noticed in your paper a short time since a request for information relative to the culture and growth of the White Poppy.  I herewith send you Mr. Kerr's method of procuring opium in the East Indies.  He says:  (See Kerr's method of cultivating the White Poppy—Papaver Somneprum.)
           
The field being well plowed and harrowed, it is reduced to an exact level superficus [sic?].  It is then divided into quadrangular areas of seven feet long and five feet in breadth, leaving two feet of intervals, which is raised five or six inches, and excavated into an aqueduct for conveying water to every area, for which purpose they have a well in every cultivated field.  The seeds are sown in October or November, the plants are allowed to grow seven or eight inches apart, and are plentifully supplied with water.  When the young plants are six or eight inches high they are watered more sparingly.  The cultivator spreads over all the areas compost of ashes, human excrement, cow manure, and a large portion of nitrous earth scraped from the highways and old mud walls.  When the plants are nigh flowering, they are watered profusely to increase the juice.  When the capsules are half grown, no more water is given, and they begin to collect the opium.  At sunset they make two longitudinal, double incisions upon each half ripe capsule, passing from below upwards, and taking care not to penetrate the internal cavity of the capsule.  The incisions are repeated every evening until each capsule has received six or eight wounds, then the seeds are allowed to ripen.
           
The ripe capsules afford no juice.  If the wound be made in the heat of the day, a cicatrix will be too soon formed.  The night dews, by their moisture, favor the exstillation of the juice.  Early in the morning the juice is collected by scraping off the wounds with a small iron scoop.  It is then deposited in an earthen pot, where it is worked by the hands in the sunshine until it becomes of a considerable spissitude.  It is then formed into cakes of a globular shape and four or five pounds weight, and laid in little earthen basins to be further exsiccated.  These cakes are covered with poppy or tobacco leaves, and dried until fit for sale.
           
In the fall of '59, in southern Arkansas, I gathered from one-third of an acre, sown in poppies, three pounds of good opium.  My mode of culture was very similar to the above; I, however, found it unnecessary to water the plants more than three or four times, from the fact that I had good seasons.  I used only cow manure, and found a sandy soil the most suitable.  In this portion of Texas, I believe Mr. Kerr's method of watering, as well ad the manner of planting, is the proper one.  In conclusion, if you will influence the medical Purveyor to send me a supply of seeds, I will engage to furnish him some good opium next fall.
                                               
                                                                                                            M. D.
           
N.B.  The proper time of planting is from 1st to middle of February.
           
Bellville, Austin County, Jan. 16th, 1864. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We are informed that Capt. E. C. Wharton has been relieved from charge of the Clothing Bureau, etc., at his own request, and Capt. E. W. Taylor has been assigned to duty in his place.  The change was necessitated by the fact that Capt. Wharton was not able to make up his returns while attending to the business of the office.  We wish Capt. Taylor joy of his appointment, though we question if he or anybody else can derive much joy from so laborious and responsible a bureau. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 26, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
Editor Telegraph—Allow me through your columns to acknowledge the donation of eight hundred dollars from the citizens of Houston, for the purpose of buying Bibles for the soldiers at the post of Galveston.  The Bibles have been bought and distributed to the soldiers, but we need as many more.  I also take pleasure in announcing to the well wishers of our Savior's cause, that we are passing through a most gracious revival amongst the soldiers.  There have been eighty conversions, with sixty-five accessions to the Camp Church, which is composed of each Evangelical denomination of Christians.—The good work is still on the increase.  The Camp Church is nightly crowded, and many are seeking the Great "I Am."  We solicit the prayers of God's people for the descent of His spirit upon the entire soldiery upon Galveston Island.
                                               
                                                                                                L. H. Baldwin,
                                               
                                                                                                Post Chaplain, Galveston. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 27, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
Capt. Wiggins, A. Q. M., has shown us a very convenient mode of turning a blanket into a hooded-talma and over-coat, which any soldier can readily put in practice, if they can understand our directions.  It is much more easily made, however, than described.  At the middle of one side edge of the blanket, strike a curve—a semi-elipsis, that shall be two feet across on the edge, and 18 inches deep.  On this sew a strip of clothe [sic] at the edges, leaving space for a stout cord, or a tape (a peice [sic] of listing will do,) to pass through.  This when drawn up makes the hood.  Now, at each of the two corners on the same edge as the puckering string, put button holes, having a diagonal direction.  Two-thirds of the way across the end edges of the blanket from these button holes, and in the opposite side of the blanket from the puckering string, sew two buttons, and your talma is complete.  Now put it on, and make, at will, a close coat, or an open talma—or use it as a blanket.  The invention is worth a premium. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 27, 1864, p. 2, c. 5
           
Wanted to Hire—Thirty Good Coopers for whom I will pay a liberal hire, to be employed in making flour barrels for the C. S. A.  Persons hiring them to me will be entitled in the Labor Bureau to a credit of two common hands for each cooper thus hired.  Address me through McKeen & Co., Houston; Trabue & Deadrick, Millican; or myself at Wheelock.
                                               
                                                                                                            J. B. Durant.
           
Wheelock, Jan. 23, 1864. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 28, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
The Southern Dramatic Association will play the thrilling drama called the Guerilla Chief again this evening, at Perkins' Hall.  The play is founded on facts that have taken place during this war in Virginia, and are of the most truthful and thrilling character.  The Hall has been crowded nightly by delighted audiences, and all who have attended pronounce it the best play ever produced on the stage in this city.  Mr. John English, the unrivaled actor, and Mrs. Sala sustain the leading characters.  If our reader wish to witness an interesting play, they should not fail to attend. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We learn that small pox is prevailing in Brenham, Chappell Hill, Fairfield and other towns in the interior.  New cases continue to occur in this city, but it attracts little or no attention.  We hear of few deaths. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We met two boys, Thomas and Robert Bostick, yesterday, who have had adventures enough in the last six weeks to deserve a paragraph.  They are twins, fourteen years old, belong in Washington county, Ala., their father being in the Confederate service at Dalton, Ga.  About six weeks ago they started from home to come to Texas, to visit a sister, who lives near Danville, Montgomery county.  They came by railroad to Brandon, from whence they undertook to travel on foot to Texas.  They made their way to  Grand Gulf, where meeting a Yankee gunboat they went on board, and asked to be sent to the coast of Texas.  The captain put them on a river steamer and sent them to New Orleans.
           
After remaining there two days they saw a transport taking on troops to leave for Texas, and they fell in with the soldiers and came aboard.  They were not noticed till the steamer got off, when they told the Yankees where they were going, answered all their questions, etc.  The Yankees gave them food, and after a ten days delay, landed them at Deckrow's Point.  There they remained until last Friday, one of them escaped through the lines.  The following Sunday the other was paroled and sent after his brother.  They went on to Montgomery county yesterday. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, January 29, 1864, p. 2, c. 4
Capt. J. T. Cleveland,
           
C. S. gunboat "J. H. Bell,"
                       
At anchor off Sabine Pass, Texas:
           
Sir:--We, the undersigned, present this flag to the officers and crew of the "J. H. Bell," as a testimonial of our love for the Confederacy, and gratitude to, and admiration for, the brave hearts and strong arms engaged in our defence.
           
Never permit the light of Hope to grow dim, while a single star remains upon this banner of Liberty; but may it gather new luster from the deeds and daring of its gallant defenders.
           
Respectfully,
                                               
                                                                                    Mrs. Samuel Watson,
                                               
                                                                                    Mrs. K. D. Keith,
                                               
                                                                                    Mrs. R. J. Parsons.
           
Sabine Pass, Texas,. Jan. 25th, 1864. 

            Ladies:--In the name and behalf of the officers and crew of the C. S. gunboat "J. H. Bell," be pleased to accept our thanks for the beautiful C. s. flag, herewith received at your hands.
           
In the hope that your anticipations and aspirations may be fully realized, I am, ladies, respectfully, your obedient servant,
                                               
                                                                                    J. T. Cleveland,
                                               
                                                                                    Com. St. gunboat "J. H. Bell."
To Mrs. Samuel Watson, Mrs. K. D. Keith,
           
Mrs. R. J. Parsons, Sabine Pass, Texas. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 1, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We are requested by Col. Hendricks of the Penitentiary to say that the institution has received the supplies of bacon, lard and wool for which he advertised, though he will not reject black wool at any time unless brought in unreasonably large quantities. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 2, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We were pleased to meet our old friend, Major I. C. Stafford, in town yesterday, and to see him in good health.  he is now Post Quartermaster at Columbia, one of our main depots of supplies for the army.  The Major thoroughly understands his business, and is winning golden opinions from his superiors for his strict attention to his arduous duties. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 4, 1864, p. 1, c. 3

Yankee Tyranny in Vicksburg—Banish-
ment of Ladies.

            Mr. Editor—I herewith send you a copy of Major General McPherson's order banishing certain ladies of Vicksburg beyond the Federal lines, together with a circumstantial account of their offense, which I hope it may please you to publish in the Mississippian:
           
[The circular we have already published.—Ed. Tel.]
           
It is known that the citizens of Vicksburg, with but few exceptions, have not attended church since the occupation of the city by the Federals.  But having been informed by a Federal officer, that the services in the Episcopal church, on Christmas day, would be conducted by the Rev. Mr. Fox, an old and esteemed minister of that church, a citizen of Warren county for many years, and well known in Vicksburg, and having been assured, both by the officer and the minister, that the prayer for the President of the United States should be omitted, and that the services in all respects should be congenial, after the most urgent solicitations on the part of each of these persons, many of them consented to attend.
           
Their own chosen ministers, knowing that a fanatical and unprincipled enemy would place the most grievous and offensive restrictions upon their ministry, if they remained, had gone within the Confederate lines, with the consent and by the advice of their respective congregations, very soon after the fall of the city.  To a people, therefore, who had been so long debarred the pleasure of congenial religious services, this promised privilege afforded a peculiar satisfaction, was composed of citizens and Federals, both officers and soldiers.  The services commenced as usual until the prayer, which it was pledged should be omitted, was audibly read, and followed by a prayer for the Federal Congress,--whereupon some of the members of the congregation arose from their knees, and quietly took their seats,--others gave vent to their feelings in a flood of tears,--while a young lady of impulsive disposition, feeling indignant at the bad faith of those who had invited her to attend, arose and left the church, and was immediately followed by four other ladies, who were actuated by the same feelings.
           
Under the circumstances, they regarded it their right and their duty to withdraw from a place which thus had been rendered unpleasant to them, and from a people with whom they had no sympathy.  Judge of their surprise, therefore, when on the next day they learned, from undoubted sources, that a number of Federal officers had signed a petition for their banishment.
           
This first petition, it is believed, did not reach the commanding General, but a feeling of shame had found its way to the heart of some one at or about headquarters, and it was destroyed.  It was soon succeeded, however, by another, urgently requesting that the offenders be sent beyond the lines; and this, we understand, was signed by two-thirds of the officers in the city.  The General commanding held a consultation on the grave question with his advisers, and the magnanimous officials, many in number, were unanimous with but few exceptions for the banishment of the offenders.
           
The Provost Marshal made an official visit to demand the names of the ladies, when he was informed that no apology would be made by the parties offending, and the Federal authorities could take such action in the matter as they pleased.  Accordingly a copy of the above order was sent to each of the ladies in the afternoon the same day, and also placarded throughout the city.  The General was applied to on behalf of some of the parties, for longer time to make arrangements for their transportation beyond the lines, and for the adjustment of their financial matters. No reply was made to this, but the second order was then sent, shortening the time five hours.
           
The mothers of some of the young ladies requested permission to accompany them, and place them under proper protection, which was granted, when, according to the order, they reported at the Railroad depot during a violent rain storm at the appointed hour.  They were conveyed to the terminus of the railroad, where hundreds of Yankee soldiers stood to witness their departure.  Thence they were conveyed to the Confederate lines by an officer and an armed guard, where the Confederate scouts received them and conducted them at once to the hospitable mansion of a Southern gentleman.  Here they were furnished, by the kindness of Gen. Starke, with ambulances, baggage wagons, etc., and by the courteous attention of Lieut. Moore, they were conducted to warm hearts and hospitable homes, where they are free from insult, in "the land of the free and the home of the brave."
                                               
                                                                                    One of the Banished. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 5, 1864, p. 2, c. 1
           
We made some mention, the other day, of Col. Lockett's enterprise of building a cotton and woolen factory.  We publish a letter of his to-day; also some advertisements.  We urge the people to come forward at once and secure some share in this enterprise—not for the sake of the enterprise, for it will be carried out whether they help or not—but for their own sake, as we believe it will be the most profitable to stockholders, as well as advantageous to the public, of any corporation in the State. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 5, 1864, p. 2, c. 5
           
Wanted by the Brazos Manufacturing Company, to hire for one year or by the month, 6 good Stone Masons; 6 good Brick Layers; 6 Carpenters; 2 Blacksmith's; 150 common Laborers men and boys; 3 Women for cooks; 50 Wagons, teams and teamsters.  Also, to buy—300 head beef cattle, 3,000 bushels of corn, 100,000 lbs. of wool, 1,000 bags cotton, 50 barrels lard or grease.
           
The above hands will be exempt from military service, and be employed in the central portion of the State.  For further information address the undersigned at Washington, Texas.
                                               
                                                                                                Thos. F. Lockett.
           
News copy, and send bill to this office. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 5, 1864, p. 2, c. 5
                                               
                                                                                    Surgeon General's Office,}
                                               
                                                                                    Richmond, Va., March, 1863.}
           
Medical Purveyors will make endeavors through cards published in newspapers, to induce the ladies throughout the South to interest themselves in the culture of the Garden Poppy.  They may thus render the Confederacy essential service.
           
Purveyors will furnish the ladies with the seeds of the Poppy, if on hand or procurable, and will instruct them, that the juice exuding from the punctured capsules, when sufficiently hardened, be carefully put up and forwarded to the nearest Purveying depot.
                                               
                                                                        (Signed)           S. P. Moore,
                                               
                                                                                                Surgeon General C. S. Army.
To Surgeon Howard Smith,
           
Medical Purveyor,
                       
Houston, Texas. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, February 5, 1864, p. 2, c. 4

The Cotton and Wool Factory.

                                                                                                                                                Houston, Feb. 4th, 1864.
           
Editor Telegraph:--I have received numerous letters from various parties, enquiring more particularly about the enterprise in which I am engaged, will you permit me sir to answer them all through your paper for the information of the public, as well as those making the enquiries.
           
On the 23d of Oct. last, I was ordered by Col. R. R. Lawther, to report to Major Gen. Price with a recommendation that I be assigned to duty in some manufactory established in the State of Texas.  I was sent by Gen. Price to Lieut. Gen. E. K. Smith with  Col. Lawther's recommendation endorsed.  I reported to Gen. Smith and was ordered by him to inspect certain factories in Northern Texas, which I did, and reported by the 26th of November.  I then drew up a plan and presented it to the clothing bureau for establishing a factory which would supply the wants of the army and people of this Department.  This plane was approved by the Clothing Bureau and by General Smith, and I am now engaged in putting it in operation, having obtained from the State of Texas a charter for this purpose.  I have nearly the minimum ($1,000,000) amount of stock taken.  The shares are $1000 each, to be paid in Confederate money or cotton at its market value.
           
The plan is not a speculation.  It originated in the army, and was devised by those who have been in active service from the very first, and who expect to be to the very last, let it be long or short.  It has the entire support and hearty approval both of the military and civil authorities of both the Confederate and State governments.  Its first and great object is to supply the soldiers with clothes and blankets.  Second, the benefit of the people at large, and pay those who invest a good per cent. on their investment both now and after the war.
           
He who gives his time and money will be doing his country as good services as he that carries the musket, but we do not intend to take men from the field, but as far as possible employ negro labor and ole men.  A few energetic, active business men are absolutely necessary.  No more will be taken.  It is a private company, acting under a special charter.  The State gives 320 acres of land for every $1000 expended in buildings and machinery, provided it is in operation by March, 1865.  I expect it to be in full operation by September next.
           
The company is partially organized; a portion of the stock has already been paid in.  The directors of the company will be elected on Tuesday the 17th inst., at Navasota.  Those wishing to take stock can do so by applying to me, or Henry Sampson, Esq., at Houston, and paying 10 per cent. down, or giving their legal obligation to deliver required amount of cotton, on demand of the  Directors, or by attending the meeting of stockholders and paying the 10 per cent. required.
                                               
                                                Thos. F. Lockett. [sic] 

[next issue]

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 4, 1864, p. 2, c. 4

Auction Sale! . . .
November 16, 1864
By M. Reichman & Co.,
Houston, Texas.
The Largest Assorted Stock
Imported Since the War.
This Sale is worthy of the attention of
Quartermasters and Merchants
Over $200,000 worth of Goods,
All of Which will be sold for Specie, Cotton or Currency.

20,000 yds. Brown Shirtings,
25,000 yds Imperials,
32,000 yds. American ¾ 7/8 ¼ Bleached Shirtings,
37,000 yds. American Prints,
5,000 prs. of Brogans,
1,090 prs. Ladies Shoes. . .
10,000 yds. Demins [sic]
2,000 yds. Sattiet [sic]
3,000 yds. Cottonades and Hickory Stripes. . .
100 sacks of Coffee,
5 bbls. Crushed Shugar, . . .
50 dozen Linnin [sic] Shirts,
200 dozen Flannel Shirts
2,000 Men's and Boys' Shoes and Boots, . . .
20 bales of Flannel, assorted colors,
Blankets,
Bed Ticking,
Alpaca. . .
Cassimeres,
Hats,
Clothing. . .
200 dozen Men's and Ladies' Hosiery. . .
   
                                                                                                                     M. Reichman & Co. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 7, 1864, p. 2, c. 2
           
The following letter from Capt. James Martin to his brother appeals to the people of Houston for clothing, and we trust no time will be lost in making up a good shipment for this command.  Many of the men went from this city, and, being men of small means, are unable to clothe themselves.  They must not be permitted to suffer:
                                               
                                                                        "Prairie du Hand, Ark., Oct. 18, 1864.
           
"I have to write you a begging letter at last.  My company is completely destitute of clothing, and there is none in this Department.  It is very cold.  You must try and raise us enough to keep the boys from freezing.  And don't be too slow about it either.  Send the clothing to Jas. Martin, Capt. C. Madison's Regiment, Lane's Brigade, Major's Division, Wharton's Corps, Ark., via Shreveport. *          *            * Yours,
                                               
                                                                                                Jas. Martin.
           
"P.S.  Our regiment will probably be consolidated with Baylor's. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 7, 1864, p. 2, c. 3
Notice.—The stockholders of the Brazos Manufacturing Company, are hereby notified that a call of twenty per cent. is made in the stock of the company, payable in New Issue.  Payment can be made to John Y. Matthews, secretary, at the office of the company in Robertson county, or to Mr. Henry Sampson, Houston.
                                               
                                                                                                            T. F. Lockett,
                                               
                                                                                                            President B. M. Co. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 7, 1864, p. 3, c. 1
           
The following neat hit ought to be posted in every car in the country:
           
A lady entered one of the State street cars yesterday and found every seat taken.  A gentleman rose and invited the lady to accept the seat he had vacated.  She did so, politely thanking him for his kindness.  The lady wore a dark delaine dress, plain shawl and an ordinary tan colored straw bonnet.  She had a fair complexion, smiling countenance, keen black eyes, and an expression that indicated a good degree of intelligence.  Her appearance was neat and tidy, her face was free from dirt and paint, her hair was smoothly combed, without curls, frizzies or beau-catchers.  There was nothing in the appearance or deportment of this individual that would attract special attention or lead any one to suspect that she was not in sound mind, save the fact that she bowed politely and thanked the gentleman who gave her his seat.  This eccentricity is sufficient to show that the lady is not of sound mind, and she ought not to be at large. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 7, 1864, p. 4, c. 5
           
Wanted—A skilful Vintner to take charge of my vine yard at Cold Springs, Polk Co.
                                               
                                                                                                            C. G. Vitze. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 7, 1864, p. 4, c. 5
           
Specie!—An experienced Potter can get good wages in specie, by applying to the undersigned at the Brazos Manufactory, 7 miles west from Wheelock.
Wheelock, Oct. 6th, 1864.
                                               
                                                                                                            Jno. Y. Matthews. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 9, 1864, p. 4, c. 5
           
The ladies of Courtney have received the contribution of buttons for the soldiers' Clothing, from the Houston Merchants.  Small favors are thankfully received. 

[HOUSTON] TRI-WEEKLY TELEGRAPH, November 14, 1864, p. 3, c. 2

Letter from Gonzales.

Special to the Telegraph.
           
Editor Telegraph:--I am again in the saddle traveling over the prairies of Texas.  Leaving Houston on the cars of the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado railroad, I soon found myself right side up with care at Alleyton.  This town derives its importance and prosperity from being the present terminus of the railroad; when the march of progress extends that important road further westward, Alleyton will be a town of inferior importance.  Columbus, on the west bank of the Colorado, is destined to be a place of considerable importance at some future day; the most of the buildings in the town are constructed of wood, and the majority of the male population are in the army, and the place is rapidly going to ruin.  After leaving Columbus we pass through a beautiful farming country, the lands are rolling prairies, and present a pretty landscape.  We soon come to Fayetteville, a pretty little rural village, surrounded by well cultivated farms and presenting the appearance of prosperity on every hand.  The citizens are very intelligent, and schools are numerous and well patronized.  After leaving this town we passed over a beautiful rolling prairie until we come to RutersvilLe.  This place has gained considerable renown abroad from being the seat of the best military academy in the State.  The town consists of four or five unpainted buildings.  The academy buildings are situated about a quarter of a mile south of the town.  These buildings are now unoccupied save by long-tailed rats and bats.  The buildings are in a very good state of preservation, but the windows are all destroyed.  Well cultivated farms are seen on every hand, and the citizens of this region are very prosperous and intelligent.  The land throughout Fayette county is mostly of a rolling prairie.  These lands cannot be excelled for farming purposes.  I have no doubt but what wheat and other small grains can be raised with profit.
           
Passing over a rich farming region, we come to La Grange, the county seat of Fayette county.  This little city shows signs of her former prosperity.  It is the heart of a rich farming country, and numerous population.  Quite a number of stores are doing a good business.  The town is built in a beautiful location, being in the valley of the Colorado, on its eastern bank about one half mile from the river.  The city has few buildings to boast of for a city as wealthy and prosperous.  The place supports two newspapers, the True Issue and Patriot.  Both seem to be well patronized.  I did not have time to visit the government hat factory and shoe shop established there.  These establishments render the city quite brisk and lively.  I have formerly heard considerable slanders on the people of Fayette county, questioning the loyalty of many of its citizens, and I am now satisfied that the majority of the men who started these slanders did so through malice and spite.  There has been too much of these kind of persecutions by some men.  Some of the planters have protested against the wholesale impressment of the mules, wagons, and negroes by some indiscreet government agents, and they retaliate on the planter by slanders.  This is the key to nine tenths of the defamations circulated against the people of Fayette county.  The county has sent as many men to the army as any other county in the State considering the number of the population, and her soldiers have always won laurels upon every field they have fought.
           
The country after leaving La Grange, and as we near Gonzales, is not as rich a farming country as we saw on the east side of the Colorado, although in some localities the land is rich and well adapted to farming.  The land is mostly covered with post oak timber, and of a sandy quality.  The country is not very thickly settled, but the people are clever and intelligent.  Gonzales bears unmistakable signs of her former prosperity.  The city is built in a beautiful location, and surrounded by thrifty farms.  The town has a number of good looking buildings, the most prominent of which are the Court House and Keyser House.  There is a couple of well conducted schools in successful operations.  They are well patronized.  The place supports a good newspaper, the "Inquirer."  The people are very clever and intelligent.  There is no cod-fish aristocracy to be found any where in Western Texas.  This is not to be found in some localities of Eastern Texas.
           
The Confederate States Court adjourned last week.  The treason cases of Messrs. Porter, Inman, Parsons and Lane of Goliad, were not tried.  They have been postponed until the next term.