[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT
1861 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 9, 1861--first 1861 issue on reel. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 4

Gaiety Theatre.
Thursday, March 7th, 1861,
And during the Week,
Wolfstenberger's Panorama,
The Mirror of the World!
Painted on Two Miles of
Canvas!

Price of admission as before. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 3
           
A New England woman declares in print that "Fanny Fern" has done more to injure her sex and make men disrespect them than any female writer since the world began. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 4

Buy Your Beef at Home!

            Just received and for sale on consignment for Cash, 60 barrels choice Arkansas Corned Beef, guaranteed to be superior to Beef from the North.  Prepared by R. L. Armistead, Fort Smith, Arkansas.
                                               
                                                            Geo. S. Morrison.
March 8. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 9, 1861, p. 3, c. 1

Painting

            Mr. J. Bedenbecker respectfully informs the citizens of Little Rock and vicinity, that he is now prepared to do any kind of House, Sign and Fresco Painting, Gilding, Glazing, Graining, etc., etc.
           
Silk and Satin Flags and Banners painted in the best style; Stained, Enameled, Cut and Block Glass for Churches, Side and Sky Lights made to order.
           
Churches, Halls, Parlors, etc., Frescoed in a superior style.  All orders from distance will receive prompt attention.
           
Shop, corner of Markham and Rock streets, Little Rock, Ark.
                                               
                                                            Feb. 7, 1861. 3m 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 12, 1861, p. 3, c. 3

Important from Texas.

            We extract from a private letter, just received from Brazos San Diego, Texas, the following extract.  The writer is a member of a military company, recently organized at Galveston, for the purpose of assisting in the capture of the forts now occupied by the federal troops in that State.  He says:  "We arrived here on the 20th inst., Col. Ford being commander-in-chief of our company.  He is better known in the State as 'Old Rip,' and is said always to be in a bad humor unless he is engaged in a fight.  He had scarcely gotten more than half way from the steamer to the barracks, before he ordered the American flag to be pulled down and the lone star, to be raised in its place.  But after some time parlying [sic] he was persuaded by his brother officers to show the enemy a little more respect, and he accordingly gave them an hour to breathe.  The United States flag was then struck in silence, no one seeming to exult over it.  But when the lone star went up, a long deafening shout came up from Ford and his four hundred and fifty rangers.
           
"We have taken about fifty pieces of artillery, and will go over to the Rio Grande to-morrow for the purpose of attacking the fort at Brownsville.  They are aware of our intentions, and are said to be busy in making preparation to give us a 'warm reception.'  They have one hundred and forty field pieces and about three hundred and fifty soldiers, their position behind the fort giving them greatly the advantage.  We received a dispatch this evening, informing us that they intended to resist to the death.
           
"Our men are nearly all armed with a Minnie rifle, a six-shooter, and a cutlass.  You may look for interesting news by the next steamer." 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS DAILY TRUE DEMOCRAT, March 12, 1861, p. 3, c. 4
           
We copy from the South Western Democrat resolutions passed by the general council of the Choctaw Nation.  We are glad to see our neighbors taking such a bold and manly position, and think that some of our own people might learn a lesson from them.  The message of James Hudson, the principal chief, is an able paper, and we regret that we have not space to republish it.  It takes the position boldly and unequivocally that in the event of a dissolution of the Union the Choctaw Nation will go with the southern States.—Read the resolutions below.
                                               
                                    From the South Western Democrat.

Resolutions.

Expressing the feelings and sentiments of the General Council of the Choctaw Nation, in reference to the political disagreement existing between the northern and southern States of the American Union.
           
Resolved by the General Council of the Choctaw Nation, assembled, That we view with deep regret and great solicitude, the present unhappy political disagreement between the northern and southern States of the American Union, tending to a permanent dissolution of the government, and the disturbance of the various important relations existing with that government, by treaty, stipulations and international laws, protending [portending?] much injury to the Choctaw government and people.
           
Resolved, further, that we express the earnest desire and ready hope entertained by the entire Choctaw people, that any and all political disturbances agitating and dividing the people of the various States may be honorably and speedily adjusted; and the example and the blessing, and fostering care of the general government, and the many and friendly social ties existing with their people, continue for the enlightenment in moral and good government; and prosperity in the material concerns of life, to our whole population.
           
Resolved, further, That in the event of a permanent dissolution of the American Union takes place, our many relations with the general government must cease, and we shall be left to follow the natural affections, education, institutions, and interest of our people, which indissolubly bind us in every way to the destiny of our neighbors, and brethren of the southern states; upon whom we are confident we can rely for the preservation of our rights, of liberty and property, continuance of friendship, general counsel and fraternal support.
           
Resolved, further, That we desire to assure our immediate neighbors, the people of Arkansas and Texas, of our determination to observe amicable relations in every way so long existing between us, and the firm reliance we have, that amid any disturbance with other States, the rights and feelings so sacred to us will remain respected by them, and be protected from the encroachment of others.
           
Resolved, further, That his excellency, the principal chief, be requested to enclose, with an appropriate communication from himself, a copy of these resolutions to the Governors of the southern States, with the request that they be laid before the State convention of each State, as many as have assembled at the date of their reception; and that in such as have not, they be published in the newspapers of the State.
           
Further enacted, That these resolutions take effect, and be in force from and after their passage.
           
Approved Feb. 7th, 1861. 

Issues skip from March 16, 1861 to April 11, 1861, and revert back to ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 11, 1861, p. 2, c. 7

Fashionable Dancing.

            We are requested to say that Prof. De Gray Bennit, the celebrated Ballet Master has returned to our City from his professional visit to Fort Smith, Van Buren, etc., and intends making Little Rock his permanent residence.  This gentleman is universally acknowledged to be one of the most accomplished teachers in the south.  The development of the form, grace, ease of carriage and elegant deportment constitute his style of teaching, and as an artist, we hope he may be well patronized.  He also gives instructions in the small sword exercise, and the divisions of the cavalry sabre.  A rare chance for our military companies and those who are fond of the terpsichorean art.
           
Little Rock, April 10th, 1861.                                                                   W. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 11, 1861, p. 2, c. 8

Millinery, Millinery

            Ladies if you want a handsome Bonnet, call on Mrs. Jones'—She has just received a beautiful lot of Crape, Hair and Straw Bonnets, which she will sell to suit the times.
                                               
                                                            April 11, 1861.

Hats, Hats.

            Ladies', Misses' and Children's Hats, the most fashionable—also, Infant's Hats, and Caps of the latest importation, for sale cheap for cash.
           
April 11.                                                                               Mrs. Jones. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 11, 1861, p. 3, c. 1

Free Barbecue in Lefevre Township.

          The citizens of Lefevre township, Pulaski county, having determined to give a barbecue and raise a secession flag, met at Mound church on the 29th March, to make necessary arrangements.
           
The meeting was well attended.  D. M. Thomson, esq., was chosen president, and Maj. W.W. Morrow, acted as secretary.
           
A committee were appointed to arrange and procure all necessaries.
           
Committee of Arrangements.—J. D. Amos, Leon Lefevre, S. S. Smith, A. L. Lefevre, sr., [illegible] L. Thomson, Jesse Hill, J. Deihl, T. J. Churchill, W. F. Ford, and Wm. Faulkner.
           
Committee to Procure a Pole, etc.—Jos. Adams, W. A. Martin, J. A. Wright, W. B. Lefevre, Robt. Owens, and B. F. Vaughn.
           
Committee to Invite Orators.—D. M. Thomson, Jas. Harper, and W. W. Morrow.
           
Saturday, the 27th day of April, was chosen for the barbecue, on which occasion a secession pole will be raised, upon which the ladies will hoist a blue flag.  There will be several orations on the present impending questions, and also a good band of music will be in attendance.  A large and sumptuous dinner will be given, and a sufficiency of good water.
           
A cordial invitation is extended to all.
                                               
                                                D. M. Thomson, Pres't.
           
W. W. Morrow, Sec'y. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 11, 1861, p. 3, c. 7

To the Ladies of Little Rock.

            A Lady of several years experience in the most fashionable establishments of Paris and New Orleans, will teach the art of CUTTING DRESSES and all kinds of patterns.  Full pattern furnished to each.  Apply soon at the boarding house of Mr. Dyer.
                                               
                                                            April 4, '61. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 11, 1861, p. 3, c. 8

Direct Importation.
J. Levois & Co.
Canal Street, corner of Bourbon,
New Orleans.

            Our stock of Spring Goods is ready for examination, and comprises a complete assortment of choice styles of Seasonable Goods, to be sold at

Very Low Prices!

Good Grenadine Barege, at 15c a yard.
Brocade English Barege, at 25c a yard.
Organdy Style Barege, from 50c a yard.
Emb'd Canvas Barege, from 60c a yard.
Plaid Silk Grenadine, 50c.
   
"       "   Gause, 75c.
Pekin and Figured Hernani.
Embroidered Black Tissue.
Brocaded and Printed Grenadine.
Cambric Lace and Shawls.
Real Lace Reversibles.
      
"          Points.
Spanish Lace Doubles.
Muslin Shawls and Mantillas.
Muslin Zouaves and Turcos.
Plain and Plaid Nansook.
           
Plain and Plaid Cambrics.
                       
Plain and Plaid Jaconets.
Fancy Lace Muslin and Tartare Muslins.
Emb'd Swiss, for Morning Robes.
Spring Percales, 12½ c.
French Jaconet, New Style, 25c.
French Organdies, Rich, 40c.

Linen Department.

Printed Linen Cambrics, new designs.
Printed Linen Regattas.
Linen Shirting, Colden [sic?] Flax.
Linen Sheeting, French and Scotch.
Real Toile de Coutrai.
French Table Sets.
French Table Damask.
Scotch Diapers and Towels.
Bird's Eye Diaper, Linen Lawns, etc.
French and English Hosiery.
All descriptions and sizes, for Ladies and Children.
Filet Mits and Gloves.
New Style Fans.
Parasols.
Valencienne, Application and Point Laces.
Rich Embroideries.
Mourning Collars and Sleeves.
Parlor Suits.
Morning Robes and Camisolles.
Marseilles Suits.
Embroidered Skirts.
Infant Robes, etc.
Children's Costumes.
Rich Lace and Muslin Curtains.
Muslin and Lace Bars.
Marseilles Quilts,  Counterpanes, etc.
French Perfumery, etc.
           
We will take particular pains to fill all orders from the country.
                                               
                                                April 4, 1861. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 18, 1861, p. 1, c. 4
                                               
                                                For the True Democrat.

Parody on the "Union Song."
Air:  Dixie Land.
Written for Miss A. R_____.
by Mrs. E_____, of Little Rock.

In the southern part of this great nation,
           
We feed on nothing but sensation,
           
Get away, away, away, away—
We want to save this great communion,
           
By discussions and disunion.
           
Away, away, away, away.
Chorus—
           
There's nothing like disunion, hurrah, hurrah!
                       
With colors blue—for they are true,
           
Oh!  girls do ask for something new,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion. 

I'll tell you what that brave old band,
           
Who "fought and bled" for this great land,
           
Would do, would do, would do, would do,
Could they look down from their high station,
           
They'd bless the southern confederation—
           
And say, and say, and say, and say—
Chorus—
           
There's nothing like disunion, do pray, do pray,
                       
Have colors blue—for they are true.
           
Oh! girls do ask for something new,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion. 

If South Carolina, wink her eye,
           
And call on us to bleed and die,
           
Let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go,
She's done the very thing she ought to,
           
She's a brave and valiant daughter,
           
Get Away, away, away, away.
Chorus—           

Now girls we know, we are in the right,
           
We'll work in the cause with main and might,
           
Get away, away, away, away,
And if the boys on the fence are astride,
           
We'll help them down on our side,
           
Away, away, away, away.
Chorus—

For Abraham Lincoln's a great old scamp,
           
He's doing his best the South to cramp,
           
Get away, away, away, away,
But on our side, we've law and right,
           
And for it now, we'll surely fight,
           
Get away, away, away, away.
Chorus— 

But boys who love to hear it thunder,
           
Quickly fire and tear asunder,
           
Ain't astray, astray, astray, astray,
Girls make a vow that any in the land,
           
Shall share your heart, that ask you hand,
           
Right away, away, away, away.
Chorus—
           
There's nothing like disunion, hurrah, hurrah,
                       
With colors blue—for they are true.
           
Oh! girls do ask for something new,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion,
                       
Hurrah, hurrah, hurrah for disunion.
April 2d, 1861. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
The ladies of Little Rock and vicinity would earnestly tender their services to the troops of the Southern Confederacy in the present crisis, which has come upon our beloved country.  And in any way they can contribute by their efforts to forward or aid in this great cause of our life and liberty they will esteem it their highest privilege and honor.  And after the example of the mothers of the revolution, when they have armed their sons, husbands and brothers to the defense of their homes and firesides, they would gladly give [illegible] means and efforts, and most of all, their earnest prayers for the success of our holy cause. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
The ladies we understand have taken up the cause in earnest.  They were up till on o'clock Tuesday night making uniforms for the Prairie company, who came in about twelve o'clock on Monday, on their way to Fort Smith.  Fifty jackets had to be bought, cut and made; and though they were not finished in time, as they had left at eleven, yet they were sent up on the first boat. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
We have been requested by the president of the meeting recently held in Lefevre township in this county to state, that the meeting to raise a secession pole on the 27th inst., and the barbecue intended to come off on that day, have been postponed. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 3

Clark County.

            We have been permitted to publish the following letter from a gentleman in Clark county to a citizen o this place:
                                               
                                                Arkadelphia, April 20, 1861.
           
I have this moment participated in raising the first flag that I ever did in my life, except that of the old thirteen stars; but this time I participated with as good a grace as ever I done anything in my life, and I am proud to say to you that I do not believe there is more than three men that now say they are for union.  So when I tell you that one of the largest secession flags is now floating from the Bell pole, you will scarcely believe me, but nevertheless it is true.  We had speeches from Messrs. Flannagin, Beard, Witherspoon, Dr. Huey of Camden, Parson Garrett, Col. Bozeman, etc.  There is petitions unanimously signed to send to the president of the convention to call it at the earliest day possible.  This is the first time I ever saw the people of Arkadelphia a unit in my life on any subject.
                                               
                                                Yours in haste,
                                               
                                                            Old Nick. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 7

Deposition of Sam Houston.

            The circumstances attending the deposition of Sam Houston as Governor of Texas, were quite dramatic, and in some respects ludicrous and comical.  The convention of Texas, called by the loud voice of the people against the denunciations and opposition of Gov. Houston, having passed the act of secession, and accepted and ratified the constitution of the Confederate States, prescribed a form of oath to be taken by all the State officers.  This oath included a renunciation of all allegiances to all foreign powers, and especially to the government of the United States, and a declaration of fidelity to the constitution of the Confederate States.  When the oath was proposed to Governor Houston, he peremptorily refused to take it; whereupon the convention declared the office of Governor vacant, and Lieutenant Governor Clark, under the constitution, having taken the prescribed oath, succeeded to the office.  Governor Clark was not slow in entering upon the gubernatorial functions, and proceeding to the Governor's office, assumed the chair and entered upon the duties of the office.—By and by, the deposed Governor came hobbling to his office—old Sam's San Jacinto wound having broken out afresh as it always does on occasions of political trial.  Perceiving Governor Clark occupying the chair, Old Sam addressed him:
           
"Well, Governor Clark," giving great emphasis to the title; "you are an early riser."
           
"Yes, General," replied the Governor, with a great stress upon the military title of his predecessor.  "I am illustrating the old maxim, 'the early bird gathers the worm.'"
           
"Well, Governor Clark, I hope you will find it an easier seat than I have found it."
           
"I'll try to make it so, General, by conforming to the clearly expressed will of the people of Texas."
           
The Governor having brought a large lunch basket with him, proceeded to put up numerous little articles of private property, and to stow them away very carefully.—Catching his foot in a hole in the carpet and stumbling, the General suggested to Gov. Clark that the new government ought to afford a new carpet for the Governor's office, whereupon the Governor remarked that the executive of Texas could get along very well without a carpet.
           
Approaching the washstand, the General called the attention of Gov. Clark to two pieces of soap—one, the castile soap, was his own private property; and the other, a perfumed article, was the property of the State, and added, "Governor your hands will require the very frequent use of this article;" whereupon Gov. Clark, pointing to the washbowl, which was full of very black and dirty water, remarked:  "General, I suppose that is the bowl in which you washed your hands before leaving the office."
           
Having gathered up all his duds, old Sam made a little farewell speech, very much in the style of Cardinal Woolsey declaring his conviction that, as in the past the time would soon come when Texas would call him from his retirement, and he hoped Gov. Clark would be able to give as good an account of his stewardship as he could now render.  Halting at the door, the General made a profound bow, and with an air of elaborate dignity, "Good-day, Governor Clark."  "Good-day, General Houston," was the Governor's response.  And thus the "Hero of Sam [sic] Jacinto" concluded his political career!—N. O. Delta. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 3, c. 5

From Johnson County.
Tremendous Excitement—Large and
Enthusiastic Meeting.

            On Saturday the 13th of April at the battalion muster, on the parade ground, near the residence of Maj. James B. Wilson, on Horse Head Creek—besides the Battalion who had assembled for the purpose of military drill there was an immense concourse of ladies and gentlemen present to hear of, and learn the stirring events that are fast transpiring around us.
           
At 10 o'clock the crowd that had assembled learned that the flag of the Confederated States, with a full band of music was near by coming from Clarksville.  The gallant Maj. A. C. Jacobs of the 10th regiment, within ten minutes had 800 men mounted to go out and meet and salute the white man's flag.  In full gallop, at a half mile they met the band and flag, and the echoes of their cheerings was heard bounding from hill side to the mountain top, that swelled and gladdened the heart of the patriot to see the flag of the Confederated States high up floating in the clear sun light of heaven as it came over the crest of the hill, and the full band playing the Southern Marseilles, and three hundred stout hearts as a guard of honor erecting the emblem of southern liberty to the parade ground.  The infantry was formed and presented arms with open columns for the flag and escort to pass through.  After countermarching, and the line of horsemen formed, Maj. Jacobs ordered three cheers for President Davis and the Confederate States, which was done with most hearty good will by the whole mass present, both mounted men and infantry, and the ladies, God bless them, by the waiving of handkerchiefs and tossing to the gallant knights of chivalry and valor, their lovely boquets [sic], as tokens of their heartfelt approbation.
           
After the drill of the battalion was concluded, the procession was formed—the southern flag—band of music—secession delegates—Judge Batson and Judge Floyd; col. L. Robinson, Representative; then the column of ladies, citizens and strangers, all marched in procession to the battalion which was formed in hollow square around the seats for the ladies who received the whole column with present arms, after being seated, the meeting was called to order by Col. L. Robinson, and the object explained in a brief manner by him. . . .
                                               
                                                            Bozarias. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 3, c. 7

From Johnson County.

                                                                                    Clarksville, Ark., April 20, 1861.
           
Messrs. Editors:  This has been a glorious day for Johnson county.  By appointment the people from the country flocked into town in large numbers; the ladies were all out, the business houses were closed; in short, every body and his family were out to see the presentating [sic] of a large and handsome southern flag by Miss Sallie Robinson, who represented the ladies, to Dr. J. P Mitchell, the representative of the people of Johnson county.  After the presentation of the flag of the Confederate States of America was hoisted to the masthead of a pole one hundred and two feet high, and was greeted with the enthusiastic cheers of the people—the salutes of the military and the firing of anvil artillery.—Patriotic speeches were delivered by our legislators, Ward, Robinson and Cravens, and by our delegates, Batson and Floyd, amidst the waving of handkerchiefs and hats, three hearty huzzas were given for the Southern Confederacy.  Soon afterwards dispatches were received announcing that Virginia had seceded, and that Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee and Missouri had emphatically refused to furnish a single man, or any number of men, to fight under the black flag of abolitionism.  I never have seen people so deeply excited—cheers loud and long rent the air, the artillery was again brought out and round after round was fired until the sky was almost darkened with the smoke.—One more star was added to the flag and it was again sent home, where it waves over people who are determined to "do or die." . . . 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 3, c. 7

Public Meeting in Pope County.

                                                                                    Norristown, Ark., April 16, 1861.
           
The citizens of this and surrounding vicinity on hearing of the commencement of the contemplated and attempted reinforcement of Fort Sumter, and at the same time of its bombardment and fall into the hands of the Confederate States, met in mass meeting to give vent and expression to their feelings, which was done in the following manner:  First, the erection of a pole with a large flag of the Confederate States floating proudly to the breeze.  This was done in the public square amidst the roar of platoons and thunders of applause.  This being done, a large company of ladies and gentlemen repairing to a suitable house decorated for the occasion by mottoes and emblems indicative of our feelings and sympathies for the southern confederacy. . . . 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, April 25, 1861, p. 3, c. 8

Melodeons.

            Prince's Improved Patent Melodeons:  another shipment of these beautiful instruments just received, unrivaled in tone, finish and durability.  I have in hand four, four and a half, and five octaves.  Five octaves with double setts of reeds.  For an accompanyment [sic] to the voice they are the best instruments now in use.
           
The Organ Melodeon for choirs and churches, has two banks of keys, five setts of reeds, eight stops, and one and a half octaves in the foot pedal bass.  They will be furnished to churches at the factory prices.
           
Call at the book store and look at those I have on hand.
                                               
                                                            Jno. E. Reardon.
           
April 18, 1861. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 2, 1861, p. 2, c. 1—Image of First National Flag of the CSA 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 2, 1861, p. 2, c. 4

                                                                                                For the True Democrat.
                                               
                                                Dardanelle, April 19, 1861.
Messrs. Johnson & Yerkes:
           
I am truly gratified to know, and from the signs of the times I can confidently say, Yell county, is now aroused to a sense of her duty, and will be all right upon the all important question of secession when she has a chance to cast her vote. . .
           
This morning we reared a pole, towering 110 feet, and from its lofty summit stretches out our southern flag, the star of Arkansas in the distance, like the swift comet, seeking to form one of those brilliant seven that are shedding light upon the independent pathway of our Confederacy.  There were a great many people present from all parts of this (Pope and Perry,) the scene made an impression upon my mind never to be forgotten.  As the flag was making its way swiftly aloft, ladies and gentlemen were thronging the side-walks, and amid the roar of the anvils, (not cannon,) and the enthusiastic tune of Dixey, played by the band of the Show-boat, Wave, Col. Lemoyne appeared upon the stand prepared for him, and in his usual manner, when appearing before an audience, seemed to take a survey of the entire crowd, and at the close of Dixey, addressed the ladies, complimenting their sex for the interest they always take in all important matters, illustrated by the effect that music and woman had upon the soldier.  He then turned to the men and addressed them as the descendants of the revolutionary patriots, supporters, protectors and guardians of women an children, pictured to them the present state o things, compared it to the revolutionary crisis. . . . 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 2, 1861, p. 2, c. 6
                                               
            From the Fort Smith Times and Herald, April 21.

Arrival of Volunteers for the Capture
of Fort Smith.  Midnight Abandon-
ment of the Post by the Federal
Troops.

            Last night, about 12 o'clock, the steamers "Tahlequah" and "Frederick Notrebe" arrived almost simultaneously at our wharf, having on board, as we subsequently learned, 235 men, composed of the volunteer companies of Little Rock and Pulaski county, in this State; having come for the purpose of reducing, under the State authority, the federal post at this place.  The expedition ordered by Governor Rector, who was represented in it by his Adjutant General, Edmund Burgevin, was under the immediate command of Col.  Solon Borland, Aid-de-damp of the Governor, and consisted of five companies, three from the city of Little Rock, and two from vicinity.  They were all well armed, drilled and uniformed, and consisted of the flower of the chivalry of that portion of the State.  Their disappointment upon learning, when they reached the place of disembarkation, that the enemy had ingloriously fled, was not disguised, and was, doubtless, as we can well imagine, deep and sincere.  Yes, the bird had flown.
           
About one hour before the arrival of the little fleet at this port, the brave federal captain, who had so often vaunted here of his ability to cope with ten thousand assailants, suddenly, in the dead hour of the night, quietly and precipitately, gathered up his plunder, consisting of a train of 23 wagons, and about 160 horses and mules, and crossing the Poteau, and succeeded effectually, without having aroused any suspicion of his purpose, here, in placing himself safe beyond the reach of his brave pursuers.  The citizens of Fort Smith were no less chagrined than the volunteers, at this unexpected flight.  It is thought that the departure took place after the arrival of the expedition at Van Buren, and before its arrival here, news of which arrival at Van Buren, although we learn it was quiet and thought to be unknown, must have been communicated from Van Buren by telegraph.
           
The buildings of the Fort remain uninjured.  About one o'clock, the officers of the expedition took formal possession of the fort and such stores as were left by the federal authorities.  Upon the order of the Adjutant General, Capt. Montgomery, Q. M., Major Gatlin, and a Sergeant, all of the United States army, were seized as prisoners of war by Col. Borland, and released on parole.
           
The fruits of the expedition, compose of 6000 bushels of corn, 500 tons of hay, 100 mules, a number of wagons, a large quantity of quarter master's stores, possession of the buildings of the fort, which are very fine—constituting a property worth about three hundred thousand dollars.
           
The volunteers were eager to pursue, but inasmuch as they were on foot, while the enemy were well mounted on the finest of horses, pursuit was decided to be impracticable.  The volunteers spent the night in removing their ordinance, etc., to the fort, and will be formally lodged there to-day.  Among the volunteers, besides the many gentlemen of high position unknown to us, we observed as privates in the ranks, Wm. R. Miller, Auditor of State; John M. Harrell, Solicitor General; Col. R. H. Johnson and J. T. Trigg, esq. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
Neat and Appropriate.—We have received, from a young lady in Burrowsville, Searcy county, a tasteful presentation in the shape of a rosette.  It is so simple and pretty that we will endeavor to describe it.  A grain of corn is fastened, by means of a hole drilled through it, to a floss of cotton, spread so as to form a circle; this is also attached to a light blue circle, and the whole to a deep blue, of the usual size of a rosette.  By using a grain of red corn, we have the colors of the Confederacy flag; red, white and blue, while the corn and cotton are emblematical of the Confederacy.  The design and execution are both excellent.—The present was sent with a patriotic note from the true hearted donor.  In the revolution of '61 as in '76, the women are on the side of truth and liberty and, if need be, will show themselves to be heroines as did their foremothers.  God bless them and the Southern Confederacy. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 3
           
The ladies of Little Rock have been busy the past week making uniforms and equipping the volunteers.  Like the heroines of the Revolution they are infused with a generous ardor for the cause of truth and freedom, and their God speed! to the gallant fellows who are leaving their homes, their mothers, their sweethearts will go with them like the protecting wing of a good angel, and linger with them in the severest trials of war.  All honor to the fair women of Arkansas, and success to the brave fellows who are to represent us on the pages of history. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
For Envelopes, Etc.—The Confederate Flag, in superb style, three different designs, got up by Hutton & Freligh.  See their advertisement. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
Rev. E. L. Compere, just from North Folk, says it was currently reported there on Tuesday last, that the U. S. troops were leaving Fort Washita; and that they were burning what stores they could not carry with them, and intended to blow up the fortifications.  Also, that they intended destroying Forts Arbuckle and Cobb, and then leaving for Fort Leavenworth.—Fort Smith Times, May 3d. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 8

Tracy & Coomber,
House, Sign & Ornamental
Painters.

All kinds of Wood, Marble and Stone imitated.  Plain and Fancy Enameled Painting of the latest and most approved style and finish.  Paper Hanging done in the Parishian [sic?] style, and a new style of work, very beautiful, called SCAGLIOLIA.  If work is not done satisfactorily we feel responsible.
           
Shop on Main street, opposite McAlmont's drug store.
           
May 9, 1861.                                                                                       F. & C. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 2, c. 8

Envelopes!  Envelopes!
Confederate States
Flag Envelopes,
Hutton & Freligh's,
Late
W. M. Hutton & Co.
Southern Publishing House,
All Kinds of Job Printing,
Corner Second and Adams,
Memphis.
Something New,                           
Good,
                    Neat and
Really Handsome,
No mere straight lines, like a straight jacket on
an Envelope, but
A Beautiful Flag
Gracefully Flowing to the Breeze,
With room on the upper right hand corner, not
only for a stamp, but
A Nice Card,
For Merchants and Others.

            Every Merchant should order one or two thousand; Hotel Keepers twice as many; Steamboatmen a bushel of them; Banks and Railroads as many as they please, and, as

Everybody Will Want Them,
We shall fill orders on the principle of
"First Come, First Served."
Prices:

Confederate Flag Envelopes, without Card, per 1,000                                 $10 00
Confederate Flag Envelopes, with Card, per 1,000                                       12 00

Also,

Confederate Flag Letter Heads, per quire                                                     75 cts.
           
"            "    Note Heads,            "                                                      50   "
In quantities less than 1,000, 25 per cent additional.
Regular discount to the trade.
Orders accompanied by the Cash promptly attended to.

These Envelopes are Printed Only at the
Great Southern Publishing and Job Printing
Establishment of
Hutton & Freligh.
Second Street, near corner of Adams, adjoining
Cavalry Church, Memphis, Tenn., where
better work is done in the
Job Printing Line
Than Elsewhere in the South.
Also—Flag Badges on White Silk beautifully colored.

                                                                                                                        May 9, 1861. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 9, 1861, p. 3, c. 3
           
"Knights of the Golden Circle."—We clip the following from the Louisville Courier, of the 24th inst., to which we invite the attention of members of the order in this city.  We are informed by a gentleman, formerly a chief commander in West Tennessee, that the order numbers about six hundred in this city.  Why do they not rally and give some public expression of their sympathy for their gallant brothers of Baltimore, who first met and repulsed the enemies of our common interests, so soon as they placed their feet upon southern soil.  History will place them side by side with the heroes of Lexington and Bunker Hill.  We would be glad to hear from some of the members here.

Attention, K. G. C.
Montgomery, Ala., April 17, 1861.

            In view of the threatened invasion of Texas by Lincoln's abolition horde, and in further view of the fact that the Confederate States of America has so many points exposed to attack from the enemy, that its army as at present organized, may be inadequate to ample protection; I therefore order the Captains of each Castle of K's G. C's. within the State of Texas, to meet me at the city of Galveston, on the 1st day of May, A. D. 1861, with a complete muster roll of companies.  Each Castle will hold itself in readiness for immediate orders.  It is desired that as many of the field officers as can do so, will also be in Galveston at the time appointed.
                                               
                                             Geo. W. Chilton.                                                                                                    Marshal of Texas Division K's G. C.
           
The K's G. C's in Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida, will pay attention.  Maryland has her hands full.  Let no member of the Order now flinch.
                                               
                                                Geo. Bickley, K. G. C.
                                               
                                                President Am. Legion.
           
All Companies of the K's G. C's in the State of Arkansas will hold themselves in readiness for further orders.
           
By order of
                                               
                                                Major Augustus Larrantree,
                                               
                                                Commanding Ark. Battalion.
           
Arkansas papers please copy. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 7

The Women of '61.

            It requires great occasions to exhibit the spirit of a people.  A long career of peace and prosperity develops idleness and luxury, ambition and avarice, and all the selfish and least praiseworthy of human passions, but in times that try men's souls, like those in which we live, the true esprit of a nation is manifested.  The gallant sons of the South, the chivalry, the young and the brave are panting for the conflict and the glory of war, but for disinterested patriotism and loyal devotion their country give us the women of 61.  The chronicler of the present time will devote his brightest pages to tell the story of their patriotism and devotion.  The pen of the novelist dipped in the tints of the rainbow, will illustrate in thrilling romance their self-sacrificing spirit, and place them in the niche of fame's proud temple by the side of the heroines of the revolution.  Whenever the bumper goes round, and the red whine sparkles in the foaming chalice, the toast which will oftenest call up hallowed associations will be the Women of '61. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 8

New Goods!
New Goods!
Muslins, Shawl Barege,
Lawns, Poplins,
English Barege, Organdies,
Parasols, Sun Umbrellas,
Hosiery, Linens,
Silks, Swisses,
And the most complete assortment of
Goods for Ladies Wear, in Little
Rock.  All New and just received,
call on
L. Hineman.
Ready made
Clothing,
A large supply, and selling very low for Cash.
Small profits for ready money is our motto, call on

                                                                                                            L. Hineman. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 16, 1861, p. 3, c. 8

Texas.

            The following is a copy of a letter to the editors from a gentleman in Clarksville, Texas, in relation to volunteers that have gone from the adjoining counties, in pursuit of the United States troops that had been stationed at Fort Washita, in the Indian country:
                                               
                                    Clarksville, Texas,        }
                                               
                                                May 6, 1861    }
           
*            *            *            From 1000 to 1200 men have left this and two or three counties above, yesterday and to-day, for Fort Washita.  Since they left we have been informed by express the U. S. troops, 700, have left that post, and were marching for Fort Arbuckle, where they expected to meet reinforcements; and where our troops with 1000 Choctaws intend to make them measure swords or surrender unconditionally.
                                               
                                    In haste, yours,
                                               
                                                D. K. J. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 23, 1861, p. 2, c. 3
           
The ladies with patriotic ardor are still struggling to sustain "The National Washington Monument Society."  They have now in contemplation an appeal to the contending hosts of both nationalities who are gathering on the banks of the Potomac.  Boxes will be placed in suitable places where persons disposed to contribute to this object may drop their penny in memory of the father of his country. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 23, 1861, p. 3, c. 6

Presentation of a Banner to the Crit-
tenden Rangers.
Great Demonstration at Hopefield, Ark.

            Miss Mollie Merriweather appropriately discharged the duty of making the presentation in the following eloquent speech:
           
Lieutenant Rodgers:  With pride and pleasure I present this banner to your gallant company—the Crittenden Rangers—those brave spirits who have so promptly volunteered to aid the South in defending her honor and rights.  Our countrymen need no Maid of Orleans to arouse or lead them to battle.  Thousands of brave and true hearts are ready to fact the foe—ready for victory or death.
           
May the zeal and patriotism of Captain Redman and his brave Rangers be emulated by many others in our State.
           
This banner is the assurance that you have our smiles and best wishes, and should the conflict come, our prayers.  On its blue fields are seven glorious States of the southern confederation.  Our own State, Arkansas, may not yet claim a place among them; but with the bright hope that she will ere long unite her destiny with theirs, I have left a space and intrust [sic] this star to your keeping.  Will not each one pledge himself by every endeavor to place her among her sister States?
           
It has been said of us that Crittenden is the only Union county on the river.  Soldiers, shall this be said after the 3d of August?  Will brave men quietly submit to black republican rule?  Shall our glorious South be made a second St. Domingo?  Forbid it, soldiers!  Forbid it, Heaven!
                       
"Take thy banner—may it wave
                       
Proudly o'er the free and brave;
                       
Guard it—'till our homes are free;
                       
Guard it—God will prosper thee."
           
Lieutenant Rogers acknowledged the reception in the following terms:
           
Fair Lady:  permit me, in behalf of the Crittenden Rangers, to offer you our heartfelt thanks for this beautiful banner—beautiful indeed to us because wrought by the hands of one of Crittenden's fairest daughters; beautiful and sacred, too, because it is the banner of a people who know no superiors and acknowledge no government save that which gives to each and all its citizens justice and equality, that justice and that equality, which our fathers in days that are passed fought to long and so gallantly to maintain; and as they did maintain them through scenes the most trying that were ever heaped upon an oppressed people so will we, their descendants, defend this flag against all of its enemies whether from across the deep, and urged on by the daring ambition of crowned heads, or hurled upon us, by the fanatical spirit of our brethren of the North—brethren, indeed, they are in name and blood, but strangers in feeling and enemies at heart.  This banner, which your devotion to the principles of right, has induced you to tender us, and the unfurling of whose bright folds and glittering stars cause so many hearts to leap with emotions of happiness and pride, is doubtlessly destined to be borne amid scenes of a far different character; it is not meet, then, for us to express in unmeaning words or highflown compliments the chivalrous and daring manner in which we will ever remember her at whose hands we have received it—but 'tis on the battle field that our deep and unyielding devotion to our principles and our flag must be shown.  Yes, 'tis there that you must learn how dearly we prize your gift and how true we have been to the trust confided to us.
           
Comrades, behold the gift of a lovely and patriotic maiden—the star circled banner.  But seven stars compose the circle, and yet there is a space for the eighth.  What one is this that still wanders in the outer darkness of black republican iniquity?  It is the representation of Arkansas that thus hesitates to join its glorious sisters?  Unfortunately it is so but happy for us and our people, the dark cloud which has for a while dimmed our luster is fast passing away, and soon we will see her occupy the vacant space in the bright circle, shining with a brilliancy second to none.  Then let us, conscious of the rectitude of our position, unfurl to the breeze our glorious banner, and swear to defend it, come weal, come woe!  Allow me to say, in conclusion, to her who gave it, long will you live in the hearts of us all; your gift we will defend till life's pulse be still, and if in death we must behold it, the last whispered prayer of the dying soldier will be for its preservation, and for the happiness of her whose fair fingers made it.
           
To Ensign:  Take it sir, and defend it; never allow it to be polluted by an enemy's touch so long as you have strength to raise an arm to strike in its defense. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 23, 1861, p. 3, c. 7
                                               
                                                            From the Appeal.

Arkansas Troops—Gen. Dandridge McRae.

            Yesterday an event occurred at Camp Rector full of sadness.  While the troops were arrayed for the purpose of receiving the banner presented by Miss Rozell, General McRae announced his retirement from the regiment. . . . 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 1, c. 7
           
Are the Cairoites aware that we have a company of Arkansas bear hunters awaiting their appearance, every man of which has killed his bear!  The special duty allotted to this company is to scalp the officers of the Sucker army.  Proud of their past achievements, they disdain any inferior game.—Avalanche. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 1, c. 7
           
Old Abe was hanged in effigy in Vicksburg, Miss., the other night. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 1, c. 6
           
Advice to Volunteers—How to Prepare for the Campaign.—A writer, who signs himself "An Old Sodlier," gives the following advice to young soldiers:
           
1.  Remember, that in a campaign more men die from sickness than by the bullet.
           
2.  Line your blanket with one thickness of brown drilling.  This adds but four ounces in weight, and doubles the warmth.
           
3.  Buy a small india-rubber blanket—only $1 50—to lay on the ground or to throw over your shoulders when on guard duty during a rain storm.
           
4.  The best military hat in use is the light colored soft felt, the crown being sufficiently high to allow space for air over the brain.  You can fasten it up as a continental in fair weather, or turn it down when it is wet or very sunny.
           
5.  Let your beard grow, so as to protect the throat and lungs.
           
6.  Keep your entire person clean.  This prevents fever and bowel complaints in warm climates.  Wash your body each day, if possible.  Avoid strong coffee and oily meat.  Gen. Scott said that the too free use of these, together with neglect in keeping the skin clean, cost many a soldier his life in Mexico.
           
7.  A sudden check of perspiration by chilly or night air often causes fever and death.  When thus exposed do not forget your blanket. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 2, c. 8
           
The brave ladies of Carroll county, Kentucky, the residence of Gen. W. O. Butler, petitioned the legislature to furnish them with arms to defend the men and children, who were afraid to defend themselves. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 2, c. 7

Pulaski Artillery.

            On Thursday evening last, the Pulaski Artillery, commanded by Capt. Wm. E. Woodruff, jr., left on the Tahlequah for their destination on the western frontier.  We understand they will be posted at Fort Wayne in Benton county, which is very near the State line.  This company is composed of the best material of Little Rock and vicinity.  On their departure they were presented with a beautiful banner by Miss Juliet Langtree, in behalf of herself and other young ladies, which was received by Lieut. James W. Finley of the company.  On presenting the banner Miss Langtree said:
           
"You are about to leave your firesides, your friends and your homes, to do battle in your country's cause.  The peril of war is upon us, and you are about to meet it.  The highest attribute of man is courage to defend the right.  Your cause is right—it is just; and may the 'God of battles' be with you.
           
You see that on this flag the 'stars and stripes' are less than on the old one, yet it is the flag now waving over our southern homes—emblematic of southern rights and defended by southern chivalry.  Will you surrender it?  Will you not rather die under its folds?
           
Remember also, that while you are gone, you will not be forgotten.  Many a mother's and many a sister's heart will yearn after you while you are toiling in the arduous campaign.  In the heat of day or the darkness of night, those you leave behind you will drop a tear for the soldier, and offer up a prayer for his safety.
           
Take then this flag and let your determination be like that of the Spartan mother's advice when she presented her son with his shield:  "Come home with it or come home on it." 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 3, c. 8
                                               
                                                Danville, May 11, 1861.
           
Sir:--We had a great day in Danville last Saturday—raised secession flag—raised a volunteer company—elected C. L. Lawrence, captain; John Barksdale, 1st lieutenant.  Miss Huckaby presented the "Yell Blues" a neat flag and made them a nice talk; Lieut. John Barksdale received it with a complimentary speech.  Yell is top side up, except Dr. C. and Dr. N.  We have a good and efficient home guard, T. W. Pounds head it.  Our mails from the Rock come semi-occasionally and will finally stop I believe.  Crops fine and health good.
           
Fraternally yours,
                                               
                                                W. R. K. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 3, c. 8
                                               
                                                From the Avalanche, May 16.
           
Farewell to the Union.—The following letter, full of humor, by a friend of ours will explain itself:
                                               
                                    Little Rock, Ark., May 7, 1861.
           
Dear Uncle Sam:  It has devolved on me to inform you of the loss [of] your big daughter, Arkansas.  Her spirit took its flight yesterday; May 6th instant, at 3 o'clock P.M.  It left its old and shattered tenement in which it was inclosed only to join her departed sisters in a new and better land from which no true southerner ever will return.  We had her decently interred.  Her whereabouts can be designated by the flag of the Southern Confederacy waving at her head, and a prolific cotton plant at her feet.  I understand three more of your daughters are very ill—Missouri, Kentucky and Maryland.  The most skillful physicians say they are laboring under a disease from which they never will recover.
           
My love to Aunt Jerusha, and tell her not to take on too much, for the gals are happy now.
                                               
                                    Your nephew, that was,
                                               
                                                Red Shoulders
           
P. S.—Tell your agent, Uncle Abe, I want him to split fifty thousand rails out of his best timber, to build a partition fence to keep his stock from grazing on the resting place of your departed daughters.  Our boys will be there with a skillful engineer (Uncle Jeff) to strike the line and build the fence.
                                               
                                                Yours, etc., 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, June 6, 1861, p. 2, c. 3

Flag Presentation.

            On Thursday last the ladies of Little Rock, represented by Miss Mattie Faulkner, presented a beautiful flag to the cavalry regiment commanded by Col. Thos. J. Churchill.  The flag was received on behalf of the volunteers, by Lieut-Colonel Matlock of the Jackson county company.
           
The Colonel made a very happy and appropriate impromptu address.
           
The following is the address of Miss Faulkner:
Col. Churchill, Gentlemen, gallant volunteers, all hail!  and God bless you!
           
The ladies of Little Rock, sympathising most heartily to your country's call, come to hallow your paternal companionship and generous rivalry in deeds of valor and patriotic devotion with woman's gratitude, prayers and benediction!
           
If ever, in a righteous cause, men may draw the sword and with a good conscience, fearlessly appeal to the final arbitrament of Almighty God—ever just and wrong-avenging—that cause is ours and ye its brave defenders!
           
The people of the Confederate States in repelling an unprovoked, inhuman, fiendish invasion, are, at the same time, fighting the battle of humanity and justice, and constitutional liberty.  Well may they esteem it a proud distinction from an overruling providence; and go into the perilous conflict courageously, hopefully, and with a holy joy!
           
The day, the hour for deeds of valor and self-sacrifice is come!  The lightning flashes of the daily telegram reveal beneath the sulphurous cloud of water, the indignant sons of old Virginia, supported by their brethren of the other Confederate States, rushing to the fore-front of the battle.—Soon and signally will they avenge the pollution of her sacred soil.  Every insulting Ellsworth shall meet an avenging Jackson.  He shall never cross the threshold of the cherished home of Washington!
           
Ours, too, is a frontier State; and while the gallant Fagan, with his worthy associates, is upholding the home of Arkansas at a distant point, yours is the still more responsible trust of protecting from base and ruthless marauders the holy homes of mothers and sisters, of wives and children.    
           
That you may be ever reminded of these objects of your reverence and affection; and of their gratitude and admiration, their unceasing prayers and benedictions, we have made you this banner, and it is with pride and pleasure that I now commit it, on their behalf, into your faithful keeping.

[Flag is Presented.]

            Let it be borne aloft into the thickest of the fight—up to the highest eminence of honor.  Let the sight of it animate and encourage you; nerving you in the hour of trial to the utmost pitch of fortitude and courage!
           
Your country calls you:
                                               
            "On ye brave
                       
"Who rush to glory or the grave!
                       
Wave, Churchill, this proud banner wave,
                       
And charge with southern chivalry. 

                        "Strike!  till the last armed foe expires;
                       
Strike!  for your altars and your fires;
                       
Strike!  for the green graves of your sires;
                       
God and our southern home!" 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
           
Those of our people who are compelled to stay at home and look after their crops and other business should organize themselves into guerilla bands.  An invading army cannot stand a guerilla warfare.  Let us prepare to attack them from every hillside and mountain fastness; from every thicket and hiding place, and we can decimate the greatest army the enemy can march against us. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, May 30, 1861, p. 3, c. 1

From Conway County.

                                                                                                Lewisburg, May 25, 1861.
           
Messrs. Editors:  Our old and esteemed fellow citizen, the Hon. Geo. W. Lemoyne, of Dardanelle, addressed the Conway Mounted Rifles today at the Masonic Hall.  A large assembly of ladies and gentlemen were present.  His effort was enthusiastic, eloquent and intensely southern—few dry lids were to be found in the assembly.  The women of '61 in Lewisburg and vicinity have been at work night and day making up the uniforms for the volunteers.  Three cheers for the ladies—always true, always patriotic.  At the conclusion of the address, the "soldier's response to Dixie," by Lemoyne was sung with telling effect.  The Conway Rifles camped Monday at Lewisburg, and will be in readiness to join Col. Churchill on his way to Ft. Smith.  May the God of battles prosper them.
                                               
                                                W. L. M. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, June 13, 1861, p. 1, c. 2-3

Soldiers' Health—Interesting Suggestions
and Recommendations.

The following article, on "Soldiers' Health," is from Hall's New York Journal of Health.  It contains much valuable information for both soldiers and civilians:
           
1.  In an ordinary campaign sickness disables or destroys three times as many as the sword.
           
2.  On a march, from April to November, the entire clothing should be a colored flannel shirt, with a loosely-buttoned collar, cotton drawers, woolen pantaloons, shoes and stockings, and a light colored felt hat, with broad brim to protect the eyes and face from the glare of the sun and from the rain, and a substantial but not heavy coat when off duty.
           
3.  Sun-stroke is most effectually prevented by wearing a silk handkerchief in the crown of the hat.
           
4.  Colored blankets are best, and if lined with brown drilling the warmth and durability are doubled, while the protection against dampness from lying on the ground is almost complete.
           
5.  Never lie or sit down on the grass or bare earth for a moment, rather use your hat--a handkerchief, even, is a great protection.  The warmer you are the greater need for this protection, as a damp vapor is immediately generated, to be absorbed by the clothing, and to cool you off too rapidly.
           
6.  While marching, or on other duty, the more thirsty you are the more essential is it to safety of life itself, to rinse out the mouth two or three times, and then take a swallow of water at a time, with short intervals.  A brave French general, on a forced march, fell dead on the instant, by drinking largely of cold water, when snow was on the ground.
           
7.  Abundant sleep is essential to bodily efficiency, and to that alertness of mind, which is all important to an engagement; and few things more certainly and more effectually prevent sound sleep than eating heartily after sun-down, especially after a heavy march or desperate battle.
           
8.  Nothing is more certain to secure endurance and capability of long-continued effort, than the avoidance of everything as a drink except cold water, NOT excluding coffee at breakfast.  Drink as little as possible of even cold water.
           
9.  After any sort of exhausting effort, a cup of coffee, hot or cold, is an admirable sustainer of the strength, until nature begins to recover herself.
           
10.  Never eat heartily just before a great undertaking; because the nervous power is irresistibly drawn to the stomach to manage the food eaten, thus drawing off that supply which the brain and muscles so much need.
           
11.  If persons will drink brandy, it is incomparably safer to do so after an effort than before; for it can give only a transient strength, lasting but a few minutes; but as it can never be known how long any given effort is to be kept in continuance, and if longer than the few minutes, the body becomes more feeble than it would have been without the stimulus, it is clear that its use before an effort is always hazardous, and is always unwise.
           
12.  Never go to sleep, especially after a great effort, even in hot weather, without some covering over you.
           
13.  Under all circumstances, rather than lie down on the ground, lie in the hollow of two logs placed together, or across several smaller pieces of wood, laid side by side; or sit on your hat, leaning against a tree.