[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT
1862 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 2

Manufactures in Arkansas.

            There is a tobacco factory at Bentonville in Benton county which is said to be a paying institution.  The tobacco crop is getting to be an important one in the northwest.  There is a large cotton factory in Washington county.  The cotton factory at Van Buren is a large affair and in addition to spindles, has cards for wool.  Mr. Tobey, of Norristown, Pope county, has, or will soon have, his cotton factory in operation.  There is, also, a cotton factory in Pike county.  In Newton county they have large saltpetre works and are turning out large quantities.  In Independence, and perhaps other counties, there are fine saltpetre caves which are being worked.  The rich lead mines in Newton county are rudely worked.  The Bellah mines in Sevier county are also yielding lead.  We are told there is copper in that region and sulphur and sulphuric acid can be made there.  Salt is made on White river and down near the Louisiana line.  The salt works on the Ouachita are in the hands of enterprising men.  There is an unlimited supply of brine and we are told that Messrs. Harley & Co., have commenced boiling and making salt.  They have a foundry at Camden which turns out cannon and sent a battery under command of Capt. Reed, to Oak Hills.  We have two foundries in Little Rock, one of which furnished grape shot for the army.  At Hopefield, opposite Memphis, the machine shop of the Memphis and Little Rock railroad has been turned into an armory and is altering and repairing guns etc.  Several extensive tanneries have been started at various points in the State where at hides are tanned by the process lately discovered.  The Messrs. Dyer of this city have a soap and candle factory in operation.  At the arsenal there is an armory under the control of the Confederacy, but the necessary machinery has not yet arrived.  The Arkansas penitentiary has turned out gun carriages, caissons, wagons, boots, shoes, clothing and many other things needed for the army.  A manufactory of coal oil is in progress on the Ouachita river.  These are all enterprises that occur to us while writing, but there are, doubtless, others.  We would be glad to have a full list of those manufactures and enterprises in operation or under way.  We know that several are in contemplation but the continual low stage of water in the Arkansas and other rivers has prevented the bringing machinery to desired points.  Will our correspondents be kind enough to advise us of any new manufactures started or existing in their counties.—While on this subject, we may remark that there is good coal at several points on the upper Arkansas, in Perry, Johnson, Franklin and Sebastian counties.  In some places it is immediately on the river bank and when the river rises we expect the coal trade will become an important one, provided the river rises before the cold weather ceases.
           
We have omitted to mention that the railroad from Little Rock to White river is nearly completed and that two telegraph lines, one from Pine Bluff to Napoleon and another from Little Rock to Fort Smith, are rapidly approaching completion.
           
In addition to all this we have some fine large flour mills, that make flour equal to any made elsewhere.  There is, also a factory in the southern part of the State where they make cotton gins, wheat fans etc. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
The Close of the Year.—The old year—time—decay—rapid changes—retrospect—solemn thoughts—departed friends—gallant dead—vain regrets—cherished memories.  War—prospects last spring and now—contrasts—the old union—Ilium fuil—the future—independence, our own stout hearts and strong arms—liberty or death—freedom or annihilation—rich and powerful republic—career of unexampled prosperity and priceless heritage of liberty bequeathed to our descendants.
           
We had intended to follow the immemorial custom of editors and write an article on the above theme, but the imp of the office called for copy and announced that the paper would go to press before we could do more than write down the skeleton of the article.  As mothers, in Christmas times, to call forth the taste and sewing abilities of their daughters, give them an undressed doll, which they may dress to their tastes, so we present our readers with our skeleton article, to fill up to please themselves. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 4

More About Flags.

            Mr. James A. Martin of this city has shown us a drawing of a flag designed by him, which keeps prominent the characteristics of "the sun flag" of the Richmond Dispatch and avoids the objectionable features of a bar sinister and lines that may be made horizontal in a change of the position of the flag by the wind.  In Mr. Martin's flag a sun is in the center; this is surrounded by a circle of blue which reaches to the top and bottom of the flag.  Outside of this there are two curves or crescents, part of a regular circle of white, and outside of the white, the flag is filled with red.  This gives each end and corner a red, which is easily distinguished, and the whole affair is simple and tasteful.
           
Our fellow citizen, P. L. Anthony also sends us a design, accompanied by a note, which we publish below.  It is somewhat difficult to describe Mr. Anthony's flag.  At a point midway between the upper and lower left hand corners lines are drawn nearly to the upper and lower right hand corners.  This divides the flag in three unequal triangles.  The upper one is colored blue; the lower one is green, and the middle triangle, with its point towards the flag staff remains white.  On the base of this white triangle that is on the end of the flag farthest from the staff, is a narrow perpendicular stripe of red.  On the white triangle the sun and thirteen stars are represented.  Mr. Anthony's note will further explain the design:
Editors True Democrat—
           
Sir:  I see in your issue of yesterday two articles in regard to the flag of the Confederacy, and numerous propositions to change it.
           
Herewith please find a rude and hastily drawn and colored flag, which I have devised, almost without reflection, the ideas of which, however, are in part suggested by those articles.
           
Above, a blue sky; beneath, the green earth; the centre designed to represent a pure and virtuous people;--The sun, emblematic of the Confederacy; the stars of the States; the red band, of a sea of blood from which they emerge.
           
I pretend to but little knowledge of heraldry, and had no regard to it in grouping the emblems.
                                               
                                    Your friend etc.
                                               
                                                P. L. Anthony. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 5-6
           
Here is an item worthy of the notice of those who make soap:
           
It is said that cotton seed oil is equal if not superior to the ordinary refuse grease for soap.  The process is so simple that any housewife may, with little trouble, make the experiment.  Put as much cotton seed into a large strong iron pot or wooden mortar, as can be mashed with a pestel [sic], crush or mash them well, then boil in strong lye, and proceed as in the usual way.  As grease may be scarce next year, it may be well to begin with experiments before the grease is exhausted.—Home Journal. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 2, c. 4
           
Our Correspondents.—We are in receipt of many letters from our friends in the different camps, which we do not publish for several reasons.  The primary one is want of space.  In many instances, the matter in the letters has already been anticipated by others and it would be useless to republish it.  There is a great complaint of want of clothing, and the soldiers say that the State agreed to furnish them clothing, thus cutting them off from obtaining it from the Confederacy, or commutation in lieu of it.  A soldier in writing to us from Island No. 10, on Christmas eve, says the 11th Arkansas regiment has been out nearly six months and has no guns yet.  The pay-master, he says, came up but he had bills against the regiment for clothing and blankets exceeding the amount of pay due, and it is so arranged that the soldiers cannot get commutation for the clothing.  He pertinently asks what Arkansas wants with men when she sends a regiment off without providing them arms.  In the course of a long letter from Mr. J. N. Kellough, of the artillery volunteers, occurs the following:
           
"It is a gallant spectacle.  The long lines of flickering fires glaring in the night; the tramp of hosts; the neighing of horses; the clash and gleam of burnished arms; the stalwart soldiers improvising their simple and hardy fare beside the blaze and long, moving shadows stretching back from the fires.  At the tap of the drum, all is still, save the call of the sentinel in the distance, publishing the hours of the night, or, perchance, the ejaculation of some weary soldier as he dreams of home and the loved ones there.  In dreams, they see the sweet face of a gentle wife; the soothing voice of a mother is heard or the prattling of children falls upon the soul and the bold heart of the sleeper becomes full of tenderness.  Yet, let the trumpet or the long roll call to arms and this sleeping host will arise as one man, with strong arms and stout hearts to the realities of the march to victory or death."
           
We have other letters, some of which have been so long in reaching us that the matters of which they treat are stale; others that have been crowded out so long that we are ashamed to publish them.  We are glad to receive letters from the army, and hope our correspondents will not be offended at the non-appearance of their letters n print, but continue to keep us posted as to camp affairs. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 2, c. 5
           
The Baltimore News Sheet, an abolition paper, has the article we copy below.  It is another evidence of the dire suffering of the free people of Missouri.  Read it and see what savages these Lincolnites are:
           
The Baltimore New Sheet has the following account of a pitiless raid made by Lincoln's ruffians in Missouri:
           
One Hundred Houses of Rebels Burnt.—We have received an interesting letter from our special correspondent with the army of the west.  A terrible and devastating guerrilla warfare has commenced in that portion of Missouri adjoining Kansas.  Col. Jennison, stationed near Fort Independence, having received no reply to the proclamation calling upon the secessionists to take the oath of allegiance, sent detachments of troops in every direction, and the houses of one hundred rebels were burnt.  In one skirmish, a rebel named Fitzpatrick was captured, tried and shot.  The reasons given for this by Col. Jennison were that Fitzpatrick had killed a federal officer, whose arms were found upon him, and that he had shot a Methodist preacher while standing guard over him.  The rebel died game, shouting for "Jeff Davis and the south," as he fell pierced with the bullets of the soldiers. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 3, c. 3

Letter from the Army in Kentucky.

                                                                                    Headquarters 7th Ark. Reg't,   }
                                               
                                    Near Bowling Green, Ky.,       }
                                               
                                    Camp Hardee, Dec. 30 '61.    }
. . . I had the pleasure of meeting with Maj. J. B. Johnson at the office of Major John Pope, who, by the by, has the appearance of a regular old soldier from the gallant "tooth pick" State.  Maj. Johnson told me that he witnessed the charge made by Col. Terry and his gallant Texas rangers at Green river on the federal army, a few days since, which you have heard of before this.  The Major said it was one of the most daring and gallant charges ever made, that even the proud and gallant Murat, in his palmiest days could not have effected any more than did Col. Terry.  Where Col. Terry fell, there lay around him eleven of the base Hessians that fell by the strong right arm of Col. Terry himself, before he received the fatal shot and fell.—There are many thrilling incidents connected with the charge made by the Texans upon that eventful day, but for a newspaper correspondent to attempt to give all would be at this time out of place, for every hour we hear that the enemy intends to advance with an overwhelming force, and that they intend to drive the rebels from this place.  Now in the event that they attempt such a thing, Manassas will only be a scrimmage in comparison to the fight that will be here, and "let them come, let them come," we are ready, we are willing; yea, anxious to meet them, is the watchword and cry of the gallant "Tooth Picks" and many, yea, many of the Yankees will be "welcomed with bloody hands to hospitable graves" by the brave and courteous sons of the South. . . .
           
As it now stands, the best soldiers in the South are neglected—half clothed, half shod, but until here recently, not a murmur was heard; now the winds of winter are howling around, the earth begins to wear her vestments of white, and now the soldiers begin to suffer.  We will wait yet a little while, and then we will see. . . .
                                               
                                                One of the Bloody Seventh. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 3, c. 4
           
A short time since the N. Y. Times published the following:
           
A Remarkable Prophecy.—One of the most striking instances of the fulfillment of prophecy, says the Boston Christian Advocate, was pointed out to us lately by an eminent Baptist divine.  It occurs in 8th, 10th, and 21st verses of Haggai, chapter iv.
           
"Behold there shall be rebellion in the South, a rebellion of strong men and archers, of chariots and bright shields; and the blast of the trumpet shall awaken the land, and the nations shall be astonished thereat.
           
"And lo, behold, because of the sin of the South, her mighty men shall be as babes, her gates shall be destroyed utterly, saith the Lord, yea utterly destroyed shall be her gates, and her rice fields shall be wasted and her slaves set free.
           
"And behold, great ships from the North shall devour her pride, and a storm from the West shall lay waste her habitations.  Yea, saith the Lord, and her dominion shall be broken."
           
The day following the Times acknowledged the corn as follows:
           
Prophecy.—We copied from the Boston Christian Advocate, a day or two since, what was styled a "Remarkable Prophecy," from Haggai, chap. iv, verses 8, 10, and 21, wonderfully applicable to the present war, and its consequences to the South.  We have received a multitude of letters informing us that there are but two chapters in Haggai, and that the Christian Advocate had been badly hoaxed.  It has this consolation, however, in common with ourselves—that it has stimulated a good many persons to search the Scriptures—possibly for the first time. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 3, c. 5
           
We learn that B. C. Harley & Co., are making 50 bushels of salt a day at their works on the Ouachita river.  If kettles can be procured they can increase this yield.  Mr. Harley will write to us we hope in time for our next issue, the price of the salt at the works and whether the company intend to sell lit all there, or send it to various points.  They could sell a thousand bushels here a day.  As soon as it is generally known that the salt can be obtained at that point, wagons will be sent for it.  We shall recur to this subject again.  In the meantime Ward and Basham ought to go to work at their saline in Franklin county. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 3, c. 6
           
We have received a letter from a friend stating that he had tried acorns as a substitute for coffee.  He complains of an unripe taste which will be got rid of by cutting the acorns and letting them dry.  In other respects he thinks the substitute is admirable, and says that if coffee could be had for ten cents a pound and acorns for fifteen cents, he would prefer to buy the acorns.  He adds that he has been an habitual coffee drinker for fifteen years, and unless he drank two cups of coffee in the morning, had a headache all day.  But one cup of good acorn coffee has the happy effect of freeing him from headache and he thinks the acorn equal to that of Mocha.—Let our readers gather a few acorns, cut them up, dry them, parch like coffee and try them.  White oak mast is preferred by some.  The different oaks yield acorns that make coffee different in its astringent properties and flavors. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 9, 1862, p. 3, c. 6
           
Some of the Yankee correspondents occasionally indulge in sarcastic descriptions of their own troops, which are highly seasoned with humor.  The correspondent of the New York Mercury thus described a body of troops which he denominates the "Mackerel Brigade:"
           
The review of seventy thousand troops near Munson's Hill, on Thursday, was one of those stirring events my boy, which we have been upon the eve of for the past year.  A new cavalry company, the Mackerel Brigade, excited great attention as it went past, and I understand the President said that with the exception of the men and horses it was one of the finest mobs he ever saw.  The horses are a new pattern fluted sides, polished knobs on the haunches, and a hand rail all the way down the back.  A rebel caught sight of one of these fine animals the other day, and immediately fainted.  It was afterwards ascertained that he owned a field of oats in the neighborhood. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 3

The Peace Society.

            We have received several letters, and persons have called upon us to make statements in relation to the alleged conspiracy, or peace society, formed in the northern part of the State.  We confess that we are at a loss to know what is the true state of the case, but we fear a great many innocent men and a number of ignorant ones, have been shamefully treated.  Sometime last summer, Mr. Harvick, of Monroe county, caused the arrest and examination of some members of a self-styled "pro bono publico," or peace society, but the evidence proved nothing reasonable and the parties were dismissed.  Sometime afterwards arrests were made and persons sent here, from Van Buren, Izard and other counties.  The most of them protested their innocence of any treasonable intent, their loyalty to the Confederacy and when offered a release on condition of service in the army, promptly volunteered.  The oath of the society, so far as disclosed, has no direct treason in it, but is suspicious as affixing the death penalty to an informer.
           
On the one hand, it was charged that this society was instituted for the purpose of giving aid and comfort to the enemy; that upon the approach of Lincoln's troops the houses of the members were to be distinguished by a mark on the door facing and were to be unmolested; that arms from the federals in Missouri had been placed in their hands with which to fight against the South; that besides the oath already known, there was another and treasonable one, in which the members swore hostility to the Southern Confederacy and that the leaders were abolitionists.  It was admitted that the majority of these men were ignorant and had no knowledge of the ultimate objects of the society or designs of their leaders.
           
On the other hand, we have been solemnly assured that if such a society existed there was nothing treasonable in it; that there was but one oath; that innocent men were induced to join by being told it promised them protection and that no collusion with abolitionists or Lincoln's army was thought of.  It is bitterly denied that any arms or ammunition were received from Missouri, or that any were found.  It is asserted that persons without authority commenced making arrests without warrants and upon suspicion, or when an enemy pointed out some person as a member; that there was no security of person; that old men, some of them having three sons in the Confederate army and who had furnished food and clothing to our troops, were seized, ironed and sent to this city, and that others who had responded to Col. Borland's call for troops, upon their return from Pocahontas were seized and imprisoned.
           
In the case of Mr. Edmondson, those who killed him say it was done in self defence and while he was resisting an arrest.  His friends say that Edmondson was a true southron; that in the reign of terror he advised certain persons whom he knew to have enemies to escape until the storm blew over, and for this he was accused of being a member of the society; that they sought to arrest him and because he refused to submit, shot him.
           
We do not know which of these stories is true, but if half that is told us is reality, there is a dreadful state of affairs there.  The power of making arrests without warrant is a dangerous one to put in the hands of any man or set of men and in this case it appears to have been exercised by anybody or everybody.  Arrests are being made yet, or were made until very lately and the State has had to pay large sums for arresting, guarding and bringing these men here.  While all this was going on, regular orders of regular Confederate officers are pronounced against as conflicting with the civil authority and running counter to the law.  It has been estimated that no more prisoners will be brought here as it is intended to make short work of these suspected men hereafter.  So, if anybody has an enemy in north Arkansas, he has only to denounce him as a member of the peace society to insure his death.
           
The Governor of this State has sworn to see the laws faithfully executed and if treason exists in that quarter he should see that the accused and arrested men have the advantage of a trial and defence.  The law, in this instance, has been lost sight of or trampled under foot.
           
If the Governor will not act in the premises, the Military Board can appoint a commission to proceed to these counties, enquire into these matters, cause the legal arrest of parties against whom evidence is found and restore quiet and order among the people.
           
We do not intend to impugn the motives of any person or persons engaged in making these arrests.   They may have been actuated by patriotic motives, but there is a limit to all things, and it is high time their power of arresting citizens and killing those who demur, should be superseded by the strong arm of the law. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 3
           
Some two or three weeks since, certain parties got up a fair, ostensibly by the little girls of Little Rock, the proceeds of which were to be used for nobody knew exactly what, and the last heard from the funds raised, were that they were on deposit.  A lady of this city collected from the clerks in the state house, a small sum with which to furnish a table at the fair, but the money was demanded from her before the day arrived for the fair.  She refused to give it up, and wished to return it to the donors.  Upon their refusal to receive it, she made another disposition of the money, as will be shown by the following letter:
                                               
                                    Overton General Hospital,    }
                                               
                                    Memphis, Jan. 2, 1862.        }
Mrs. R. Cogburn, Little Rock, Ark.—
           
Dear Madam:  I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of twenty dollars, the voluntary contribution of several gentlemen of your city.—It will be appropriated as you desire, to the sick and wounded.
           
The hospital of Southern Mothers has been suspended, and the patients transferred to this hospital.  I had charge of the Southern Mothers from its first patient to its close, 2,237, and am now assigned to duty and in charge of the Overton General Hospital.
           
The Southern Mothers has been a blessing to Arkansas, and I trust that, under my management, the Overton shall prove itself equally as efficient, and able to provide for all who may be sheltered within its walls.
                                               
                                    Yours truly,
                                               
                                                G. W. Currey,
                                               
                                    Ass't. Surgeon, P. A. C. S. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 4
           
Several weeks ago we stated that acorns were a good substitute for coffee, and since gave the substance of letters from a friend who had tried it.  The Gazette republishes this and commenting upon it, says:
           
["]If the writer be not mistaken, and we hope he is not, the oak mast will be of additional importance.  We have heard of persons having sheet iron stomachs, which we always doubted, but it does seem to us that the continued use of acorn coffee would have the effect of tanning the stomach, and making it as tough as leather.  Let some one try the experiment and see what is in it.["]
           
The tannic or tanning properties of the oak is strongly exhibited in the bark, but it by no means follows that the acorns contain it in any considerable quantity.  The bark of the chinquapin tree is fully as astringent and contains as much tannin, but the chinquapin nut does not have the effect of tanning the stomach.  Let the Captain taste the bark of an apple tree or of a peach tree, and see how widely they differ in taste and other properties from the apple or peach which grew on them.
           
Some fifteen years ago we were acquainted with a wealthy man who drank acorn coffee in preference to any other kind.  Several of the planters in the "up country" of Carolina used it altogether.  It was often a subject of conversation, and a scientific man who married in the family of one of Carolina's most distinguished sons, made an analysis of the acorn and coffee berry.  His capabilities for the task will be admitted, when it is known that he was regarded in the schools of Paris as one of the best analytical chemists there, and upon his return to this country was engaged in several scientific enterprises of great importance.  We have not the formula now of his analysis, and it would be, perhaps, too technical for the general reader.  We remember that the acorn and the coffee berry had certain constituents in common, and upon these depended the effects produced by coffee, such as wakefulness, gentle stimulation, and others.  This also gave a similarity in flavor.  In fact, the acorn from the white oak, afforded a softer beverage than the coffee and those who used it greatly preferred it.  The black oak, red oak and other different varieties of the quercus have acorns that make a stronger or more astringent coffee, but not so strong as the common kinds of coffee often sold.
           
We find the following in a late number of the Memphis Avalanche, and reproduce it to show that we are not alone in our estimate of acorn coffee.
           
["] A correspondent, writing to the Picayune, gives the following interesting account of a substitute for coffee, which is so different from any we have yet heard of, that we give it for the benefit of those who wish to experiment in supplying what has been an article of necessity with us in the South, and which is now placed beyond our reach for a time.  He says:
           
At a Medico-Botanical society of London, in 1837, the President introduced to the notice of the members a new beverage which very much resembled the real coffee.  It was made from acorns, peeled, chopped and roasted.  The acorn, which gives out this fragrant drink, is well known to be the fruit of the oak of our forests, of which there are a great variety and abundance in almost all of the States.  Whether the white, the black, or the red species of quercus acorn is used for this purpose, is not stated.  The experiment, however, is simple and easy, and ought to be tried.  There are reasons why it should prove to be a better substitute than any yet offered for the real berry.  The chincapin tree, I think, belongs to the same genus, though of much smaller growth, produces a similar, but smaller acorn, and from its peculiar flavor, I am much inclined to think the chincapin, properly prepared, will make a first rate cup of coffee.["]
           
We suppose it is too late to try it this season but let any of our readers make the experiment.  We have seen old coffee drinkers, who professed to be connoissieurs [sic] and gourmands, tried with a cup of it without knowing it was made from acorns, who smacked their lips over it and pronounced it excellent. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 6
           
Another Design for a Flag.—Mr. Hicks, of White county, has sent us the drawing of a flag designed by him.  It is nearly square.  From one of the lower corners a half circle is drawn ending at the opposite lower corner.  All above this line is a blue ground on which thirteen stars are arranged in the form of a pyramid.  Adjoining the blue is a belt or semicircular band of red.  This leaves a hemisphere of white in the lower part of the flag, on which a sun is emblazoned.  It is a novel design and must be seen to be appreciated.  The effect is very pleasing.  The letter of Mr. Hicks will explain in full:
                                               
                                                Searcy, Ark., Jan'y 6, 1862.
Editor True Democrat—
           
I enclose you my design for a Confederate flag, which I hope you will notice as you may deem it merits.
           
In this flag the three colors "Red, White and Blue" are retained as they surely should be, as each has a significance now.  The stars on the blue ground represent the States and arranged in pyramidal form an indication of strength and permanency.  They also rest on the arch.  The arch or bow is indication of strength and also denotes a perfect structure.  This refers also to the bow of promise after the deluge of abolition fanaticism which destroyed the old union.  May our sunny South never again be visited by such a curse.  The sun denotes our rising glory, also our sunny South.  The white ground indicative of that purity which should characterize us as a people.
           
This flag bears no resemblance to the old one.  It is easily distinguished amidst dust and smoke and at a distance.
           
I do not think the colors should be surrendered by us.  They may be arranged so as to bear no resemblance whatever to the flag of any other nation.
                                               
                                                            Very respectfully,
                                               
                                                            Will. Hicks. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 4
           
The Gold Medals.—Sometime last summer, Gen. Wm. E. Ashley, of this city, and President of the State Agricultural Society, offered a gold medal as a premium to the lady who would weave the greatest number of yards of woolen cloth up to a certain time.  Regarding it as an excellent idea, we also offered another gold medal to the lady who would weave the next greatest number of yards.  We had received letters stating that certain young ladies in the western portion of the State would strive for the medal, but some of them became dishearted because they could not procure wool, or rolls.  By the following, which we find in the  Gazette of this city, it will be seen that Gen. Ashley has awarded his premium to Miss Anderson, of Ouachita county.  We are willing to abide by our offer and notify the young ladies to send in their claims either to this office or to Gen. Ashley, and we will have both medals prepared at the same time.  There are victories won at the fireside, and patriotism exhibited by our women as gallant and warm as on the battle field.  It will be a source of gratification and pride for these young women to show, in after years, that in the war of the revolution they aided so nobly in the great cause and that their efforts did not escape honorable recognition.
           
["] Premium Awarded.—Some time since Gen. Wm. E. Ashley, of this place, offered a fine medal as a premium to the lady who should weave the greatest number of yards of woolen cloth.  The subjoined letter shows that Miss Nancy R. Anderson, has made eight one yards of jeans and twenty four yards of checked linsey, and that she carded and spun a part of the filling after she commenced weaving.  The premium has been awarded to her, and soon as the medal can be prepared it will be forwarded.  We rejoice to see the young ladies of the country contending for prizes offered to those who excel in products of home industry; for, in times of peace, they are honors second only to those won at the expense of toil and blood in the defense of the country; and in times of war, they are equal to the proudest honors the soldier can win on the battle field; because the cloth made by our women at home is necessary to protect our soldiers from the severity of winter, and but for that they would not be in a condition to do their duty in defending the country from the ravages of the invaders.
           
The following is the letter:--
                                               
                                                Ouachita County, Ark.
           
Gen. Ashley:--My daughter, Nancy R. Anderson, a girl of nineteen years, commenced on the 17th  of September, to compete for the medal you offered for the greatest number of yards of woolen cloth.  She wove eighty-one yards of jeans, and twenty-four yards of checked linsey.  She carded and spun a part of the filling after she had commenced the weaving.  I have doubts about her getting the medal, yet she desires me to write to you and ascertain who wove the greatest number of yards and won the prize.
                                               
                                                Respectfully yours,
                                               
                                                E. B. Anderson. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 2, c. 6

Little Rock Chemical
Soap and Candle
Manufactory,
Corner of Orange and Bird Streets, Rectortown.

The subscribers having established the above named factory in Little Rock, and possessing every facility for manufacturing Soap and Candles on an extensive scale, are prepared to supply the trade with those useful articles—wholesale and retail.
           
Cash paid for Tallow and Soap-grease, if delivered at the factory, or at Mr. Navara's store.
           
Orders left with Mr. Navara, on Main street, promptly attended to.
                                               
                                                            H. Linde,
                                               
                                                            A. Bresler. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 2
           
A great complaint is made of the scarcity of cotton cards.  The usual price was sixty cents and now two dollars is offered.  They are easily made, if the wire can be procured.  The enterprising man who can set up a manufactory of wire in the South would be a public benefactor. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 2
           
The Alexandria, Texas, Democrat, congratulates itself upon the fact that over one hundred wagons are on the way to that place from San Antonio laded with wool, hides and coffee.
           
The best Creole oranges sell in New Orleans at one dollar a hundred, and on the coast at four dollars a barrel.
           
They are putting up machinery in the Georgia penitentiary and will soon commence the manufacture of muskets, rifles, etc.
           
The Washington, Arkansas, Telegraph, says that chickens sell in that town at from 10 to 20 cents; corn, 40 to 50 cents; eggs 10 cents a doz.  That paper adds that dry goods are cheap, and that merchants there, as a general thing, have not advanced on the prices of their goods.—Here, they have doubled on the prices of almost everything, and in some instances, trebled and quadrupled.  In other parts of the State, the advance in prices was slight and the merchants sold out and closed their stores.  A gentleman who has traveled considerably over the South lately, avers that goods are higher in Little Rock than at any other point in the Confederacy. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 3-4
           
Still More About Flags.—A correspondent of one of our exchanges thus describes the battle flag of the Potomac:
           
It was found from experience that the national Confederate flag was very hard to distinguish at a distance from the United States flag, hence the reason why a battle flag has been adopted.  The new battle flag is about three and a half feet long by three wide.  It is made out of red silk, which is bordered around with yellow fringe.  Extending diagonal across from corner to corner are two bars of blue silk about four inches wide, which form a cross like an X, and in this cross are placed eleven white stars.  The flag is a very beautiful one, and I hope that it may be adopted as our national flag.
           
The Richmond Dispatch gives its readers another one:
           
A Virginia lady correspondent encloses us a design of a flag which embodies our Georgia correspondent's idea of the sun, but discards other features as being too much like the old one.  In this new design, which strikes us very favorably, the field is to be rose color, with a sun rising along a line of blue hills.  The writer says:  "Let the body of the sun have as many points as there are States in the Confederacy.—This will be peculiarly appropriate, because our States, like the sun, give instead of receiving.  If a motto be desired, let a white scroll stretch across between the hills and the sun.  In grateful acknowledgment of our bright skies and fair land, I thought of 'Deus Dat'—God giveth strength'—seemed better.  I have made the remainder of the flag a bright green, with a scarlet band encircling the field and around the border.  The bright sun, blue hills, and green fields, which so strikingly mark our Southern land, would all be represented."—Richmond Dispatch. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 6

A Brave Girl.

            The Columbus (Ga.) Times says the following extract from a letter of a Savannah girl, (not all unknown to fame) is too good to be kept immersed in the private portfolio for which it was intended:
           
"Do you believe that instead of feeling frightened I feel quite brave, and I think if I only had the strength of my heart in my hand I would make a little hero during this war.  On the day that the engagement at Port Royal was going on, and everything was one wild scene of confusion for fear of an attack on Savannah, I seated myself in the midst of all, and made a Confederate Flag for the express purpose of waving it saucily in their faces when they landed.  If they come upon us by land they will have to pass our very door, and in spite of everything but chains I intend to wave my banner.  I intend to be the first Savannah girl to dare them, and to show them that the South has not only brave men, but brave women also.  How it makes my blood boil when I hear of a cowardly act done by any one bearing the name of man.  There were some in Savannah, who, during the fight at Port Royal, became alarmed, for fear their courage might be put to the test, and as they would much rather run than fight, and could not do so well if they wore a hat and boots, preferred the more modest attire of females, and took to bonnets and slippers.  Since then I have considered our uniform disgraced forever, if we do not prove to the world that all who wear this modest disguise are not cowards.  To set the rest of the gentler sex an example, I have volunteered to exchange my hat and slippers for the boots and breeches of the next man who would rather run than fight, and promise, too, that I never will disgrace it by cowardly conduct.  If the men prove cowards at a time like this, it is high time for the women to show what they can do; and if they cannot depend on them for protection, show them that they have bravery enough to meet them at their own doors, if they can not follow them to the battle field.
           
I think that every woman should prove a true Spartan to the cause of liberty, and when history shall bear record of the deeds of 1861, it will reflect upon them no disgrace, but give them credit for following the example of their mothers of '76. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 6
           
We forget what paper we clipped the following from, but as dyspepsia is so common a disease among our people, it may be of interest and value to our readers.
           
A respected correspondent sends us the following which he says is a specific cure for dyspepsia and all derangements of the liver.  The materials can be found in any drug store.  He says.
           
"It may be used with impunity for an indefinite time.  1 oz. of Liverwort, 1 do. Black Root, 1 do. Black Snakeroot, 1½ do. Senna.  Mix these several articles together, and put them in a large pitcher or any other convenient vessel, pour over them five half pints (or a quart and a half pint) of boiling water, cover the vessel closely and set it away.  After steeping 18 or 20 hours, stirring occasionally during that time, strain it through a coarse cloth, and then add about a half pint of good brandy, or some other good spirits.  Bottle, and in the summer or warm weather in the winter, keep it in a cool place to prevent it from souring.  Dose, a table spoonful three times a day, and always immediately after eating.  Some constitutions may require a little more, and others a little less; each one must adjust the dose to suit themselves.  There is no harm in the remedy, and if necessary, it should be persisted in for weeks and months.
                                               
                                                            Philos. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 16, 1862, p. 3, c. 6-7
           
As an offset to the tremendous inventions of the Yankees we give the following notice of a southern engine of destruction.
           
The Honderscript Outdone.—We see that a Mr. Robert Crenzbaur has invented a machine which he styles "Sea King," and for which he claims wonderful powers.  He says that one vessel properly constructed upon his plan, will clean out the blockading fleet of any port.  The invention is a secret as yet, but it has been examined by a committee of three scientific gentlemen, upon whose judgment the legislature has appropriated $500 for the purpose of aiding Mr. Crenzbaur, in bringing his invention before the war department.—Centerville Texas Times. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
The young ladies and gentlemen of this city are getting up another concert and series of tableaux.  The former ones were complete success, creditable to the performers and of great benefit to the soldiers.  We need not bespeak a full attendance, but advise our city readers to buy tickets early.
           
Tableaux and Concert.—We are requested to state that the Tableaux and Concert is postponed until Monday evening next, 27th inst. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 3, c. 2
           
Another Design.—A friend in Madison county has sent us yet another design for a flag.  It may be briefly described as being the "Stars and bars," with a sun placed inside the circle of stars, and the upper red bar on the flag removed, and a white one put in its place.  Here is the letter:
                                               
                                    Huntsville, Ark., Jan'y 10th, 1862.
Mr. Editor—
           
I notice various propositions to change the flag of our sunny South. 
           
Permit me to suggest one with but slight alterations from the present.
           
Let the blue field remain, placing the Sun in the center thereof, surrounding it (the Sun,) with the thirteen stars.  Let the red stripe on the lower side also remain, then make the remaining two-thirds of pure white.  Our is a plain modest, unassuming government, not fond of display, deserving something "neat but not gaudy," and substantial in form and fabric, that it may be easily seen and recognized; therefore this plan will at once commend itself.
           
Yours truly,                                                     Lee.

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 3, c. 3
           
Groundpea oil is manufactured on a large scale at Wilmington, N.C.  This is said to be a superior article for machinery.  Sunflour [sic] seeds yield oil in large quantities, excellent for lubricating purposes.  The latter would be one of the most profitable crops that could be planted. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 3, c. 3
           
The names of three hundred wealthy secessionists of St. Louis have been selected to pay Halleck's assessment ostensibly for the benefit of refugee tories.  Sixty-four of the three hundred have been required to pay $10,000, and the remaining two hundred and thirty-four are reserved for further black mail.  As to the so-called refugees getting the money, that is another thing.  Large sums are paid by other to keep their names off the list, but if they do not pay they are listed and taxed. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 3, c. 3
           
Among the new manufactories at the South, we note that sulphate of copper, blue vitriol of blue stone is now made.  Type foundries have been started [?] and now we need paper manufactories.  [illegible] bleaching powder is the article most needed, and while there is, in Arkansas, enough manganese to supply the world, yet we have no means of melting it as it requires crucibles or [illegible] made of patina.  Some substitute may yet be found. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 23, 1862, p. 3, c. 4

                            Christmas Day,

                                                                                        Camp Grey, Foot Mulberry Mountain.   }
           
"At the wee small hour ayont the twal," "when nights candles had burned out and jocund day stood tiptoe on the mountain top," the foam covered goblet was kissed by each member of our gallant little band to "the old folk at home" and "friends that's far awa."  Aye, to the highest brim was filled each heart and cup.  "Memory," like old mortality, has been busy making legible those characters impressed on her tablets "lang syne"—aye, far back when we sat by the old "ingle side" in the rosy hours of boyhood and watched the sparks from the old yule log and the dainty fingers of our sweet hearts as they wove the holly and cedar wreath to deck the festive hall, pass before us like pictures in a panorama.
           
To us it is a merry Christmas.  We have enjoyed ourselves in regular camp style—we are content, for we feel many a kind heart whispered, "I wish he were here."
           
Do you know him, our wagon master, (J. C. Grey) if you don't, consider this an introduction, and take our word for it if you ever "go for a soldier," and are lucky enough to have him along, you will not regret it.  The dinner of which we have just partaken must excuse our digression, for friend Grey contributed a fat turkey, which corporal B*** cooked ala mode, washed with a libation brewed by Lieut. B*******.  To digress again—what a bar keeper was spoiled in making him a soldier.  That dinner never to be forgotten, interlarded with rich jokes and "concealments" bountifully dispensed by our junior lieutenant.  Ours was indeed a merry Christmas, for in the march through life's campaign will the participants wander back in memory to the foot of Mulberry Mountain and love to dwell there as one of the brightest spots in memory's waste, even in the "glo[illegible]."  Woman too lent her cheering presence, and though strangers, they had a smile for the way worn soldier.  God bless them.  What have they not done for our comfort—their fingers have never wearied in toiling, and we feel that prayers well up morning and night to the Giver of all good in our behalf.
           
Thus far in our toilsome march Providence smiled on us; bearing two days, we have had delightful weather, and leaving out a chill or two, the health of the company has been excellent.—We feel proud of our company and when the tiger strife comes the Adams Battery will do its part.
           
We cannot close this letter without mentioning the names of Dr. Pitkern and col. Carroll, near whose residences we camped.  We are indebted to them for kindnesses that a soldier can appreciate.  We could mention many others, but we plead the editor's excuse, want of time and space.
                                               
                                    Respectfully,
                                               
                                    One of the "Adams Battery." 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
The Concert and Tableaux at the theatre hall, on Monday night were well chosen and represented.  The selection of subjects, management of accessories to the pictures, grouping of characters and general arrangement evinced good judgment and exquisite taste.  The house was filled to its utmost capacity and all were pleased.  The ladies and gentlemen connected with them spared neither pains or expense to make them beautiful and interesting, and deserve not only the thanks of soldiers, for whose benefit they are given, but also of the citizens, who are thus furnished with a chaste and pleasing entertainment. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
Our Gold Medal.—We have several letters on the subject of the competition for the second gold medal to the lady who wove the greatest number of yards of cloth within a given time.  The ladies in the northern part of the State could not get wool, and one of them, after weaving thirty or forty yards, was compelled to quit on account of material.  So far as the claims have been received, the lady mentioned in the note below, is entitled to the second medal.—Unless a more substantial claim for a larger amount of work is presented within a few days, it will be definitely awarded to her.  Gen. Ashley will visit Memphis in the course of a few weeks and procure both medals, with suitable devices and inscriptions engraved thereof.
                                               
                        Freed Post Office, Jan. 21st, 1862.
Editor True Democrat—
           
Sir:  Mrs. Catharine Yeager, near Freed post office, has, since the first of September, woven sixty-eight yards of woolen jeans, yard wide, and thirty-two yards of linsey, yard wide, and forty-five yards of six hundred cotton cloth.  Most of the jeans was the best that I ever saw.  She spun some of the filling for the jeans.  If she is entitled to a premium, she claims it.
                                               
                        Very respectfully,
                                               
                                    James Thompson. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
A new novel by Se De Kay, the pen name of Mr. Kirk of the Confederate army, is announced in the Memphis papers.  H. W. Hilliard will shortly publish, in Richmond, a novel to be entitled "De Vere, a story for plebs and patricians."  A gentleman of this city has in contemplation a work, entitled, "The Confession of a Patriot."  His known ability is a sufficient guarantee of the high character of the intended work. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
Everybody who has been "down south," has noticed the long moss pendent on the trees in that section.  The negroes and others have heretofore made carpets and saddle blankets of it, but lately, some enterprising men have gone to manufacturing it, with wool or cotton, into blankets for the soldiers.  Six hundred of these blankets were sent to an Alabama regiment, and found soft, thick and warm. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 2

The Character of the War on the
Western Frontier.

            At no point on the war frontier have the federal troops committed so many outrages, or waged so cruel, relentless a wary, as in Missouri and on the Indian line.  Property has been stolen or wantonly destroyed, women outraged, towns burnt and men murdered in cold blood.  The Kansas jayhawkers boasted, some months ago, that they took no prisoners.  Well authenticated instances are mentioned of murders of females in cold blood for the expression of patriotic sentiments.  In once case, a cowardly wretch shot his own sister-in-law dead, because she sneered at the want of courage in the federal troops.  The most reckless and abandoned of all Lincoln's troops have got together in Kansas and north-west Missouri, for the openly avowed objects of murder and plunder.  From the commencement of the war until now, the conflict on the border has become more and more ferocious, until it has almost become a war of extermination.  So utterly detestable was the conduct of Lane and his brigands, that even the venal presses in St. Louis denounced it and characterized it as barbarous.  When it was pointed out, those presses bitterly denied that the federal administration was responsible for these cruelties, or that it would indorse them.  But it has indorsed them, and, what is more, it has provided for a renewal or continuation of them.  The President has appointed, and the Senate confirmed, Lane a brigadier-general, with a command of such an anomalous character, that he is virtually a major-general and independent of even McClellan, the commander-in-chief.
           
The character of this appointment, the conditions upon which it was made and accepted, and the avowed policy to be carried into effect, are matters of the highest importance to the people of western Arkansas.  Among the most rabid of the ultra abolitionists, Lane has repeatedly declared that slavery and slaveholding was a crime.  He laughs at the idea of a slaveholder being a Union man, and steals negroes wherever found, whether the property of patriots or tories.  He has armed negroes and they are in his command vieing with the desperate wretches joined with them, in bloodthirstiness and villainy.  He has publicly announced his determination to kill not only every man found with arms in his hands, but also every civilian who will not take the oath of allegiance to Lincoln and swear hostility to the South.  In public speeches, on more than one occasion, he declared that he would make no compromises with treason nor show mercy to traitors!  This declaration of war to the knife, of a war of extermination, of a general massacre, was enunciated and defended long before his appointment and confirmation as a general, and he boldly avowed that he would not accept the commission, unless allowed to wage an exterminating war.  On these conditions, and with these express stipulations, he has been sent to the west.  McClellan, to his credit be it said, has evinced, on several occasions, a disposition to soften the horrors of war, by providing for fair treatment of prisoners, and by preserving those courtesies and usages that distinguish civilized from barbarian warfare.  But he has been overruled and Lane is to be independent of him and his orders.  The only concession Lane would make to McClellan, was that the latter might appoint Lane's staff, and that this will be productive of any good, or that it will make Lane less cruel, is hopeless when we reflect that Lane has the power to remove the officers so appointed.  The palpable fact is before us, that Lane at the head of 25,000 desperadoes, is preparing to march through the Indian country and western Arkansas, fully authorized to, and sternly declaring that he will, steal every negro and other property he can lay his hands upon, burn every building and murder every white man he can find.  He proclaims no quarter; he hoists the black flag and swears that his march shall be one of devastation.
           
The Kansas Conservative, published at Leavenworth, says:
           
["] It is probable that Gen. Lane will resign his seat in the Senate between the 15th and 25th of January.  Gen. Lane will be here within eight days.  He will have command of the following troops:  12,000 cavalry, 6,000 infantry, 4,000 Indians and 30 pieces of artillery.  This is a small estimate of Gen. Lane's command.  He will, in effect, be a major-general, and his staff will hold corresponding rank.  The staff will be appointed by Gen. McClellan and transferred to Gen. Lane.  He (Gen. Lane) will be a candidate before the legislature for the U. S. Senate.
           
Champion Vaughan will be on Gen. Lane's staff, with the rank of Colonel.  He is a South Carolinian, but for many years a noted anti-slavery man.  When Gen. Lane was confirmed a brigadier-general by the Senate the other day, Vaughan sent a dispatch to Leavenworth in these words:  "Lane is confirmed!  Glory to God!  Let the rebels hunt their holes!" ["]
           
In addition to the force mentioned in the above extract, he will bring with him five other regiments.  A Washington telegram of the 5th, says:
           
["] The recent report about the contemplated Texas expedition, to be fitted out at Fort Leavenworth, under charge of Gens. Hunter, Lane and Denver, is mainly correct.  Lane will command a column organized with a view to demonstrate the correctness of those principles which he believes can alone bring the war to a successful termination.—In this position, Lane, it is understood, is cordially indorsed by the administration.["]
           
This ought to settle, at once and forever, the question of the policy of Lincoln with regard to slavery.  The government that would commission a wretch like Lane, with full license to rob and murder, should be forever disgraced in the eyes of mankind.  The plan of the invasion has been determined and is to consist of three columns.  That under Lane is to march through Arkansas and capture Fort smith.—One is to proceed through the Indian country, and the other be directed as circumstances may require.  These columns are to take very little baggage, but to depend upon subsistence by robbing the country as they pass.  No white prisoners are to be taken, and all slaves who are willing to fight will be armed.  Such is the avowed designs of Lane, and such the objects for which he was appointed.
           
In view of all these facts, we are safe in asserting that the war on the western frontier will be the most bloody and terrible of any that has marked or will characterize the war.  It will be a war to the knife and the knife to the hilt; fierce, uncompromising and merciless.  It has already begun to assume that character, for such atrocities beget retaliation, and those who inaugurated this dreadful state of things, will find that instead of striking terror to the bosoms of patriots, it will nerve their arms and bring thousands in the field to confront such a bloodthirsty foe. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 3
           
We learn, from the Gazette of this city, that the ladies who superintended the little girl's fair, disposed of the proceeds by appropriating two hundred dollars for the families of volunteers at home, and the remainder, $378 75, to the Bowling Green hospital.  A wise and benevolent disposition of the money.  The vote was unanimous and will be commended by the recipients. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 3
           
The distress among the poor at the North is so great that their papers give accounts of women, dressed in men's clothing, enlisting as privates in the army.  The poor creatures must starve or enlist.  A widow McDonald has been detected in several regiments and discharged as many times. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 3
           
As an evidence of the ferocity of the federal officers in Missouri, and the sanguinary character of the war waged by them, we note a wholesale massacre at Palmyra, Mo.  A bridge was burnt and no clue could be obtained as to the persons who burnt it.  The federal commander picked out forty suspected secessionists, all of them wealthy and worthy persons.  Ten of them paid out, and were declared innocent of complicity in the burning.  Thirty were tried by court martial, twenty-one of whom were found guilty and shot. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 7

Shoes, Shoes.

Soldier's Shoes,
           
Negro Brogans,
                       
Gents' High Quartered Shoes,
                       
            Ladies' Buskin Shoes,
At the penitentiary Store, on Main street.
Jan. 30, 1862.                                                                          A. J. Ward. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 3, c. 5
           
In 1860, the importation of coffee in the then United States was the enormous amount of two hundred millions of pounds, at a cost of fifteen millions of dollars.  The people of the South use doubly as much coffee as the people of the North.  Nearly one-half of this vast sum was expended by the people of the Confederacy.  If a substitute could be found, it would save us seven millions of dollars a year. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, January 30, 1862, p. 3, c. 5
           
The Memphis Argus says that immense quantities of cotton seeds are daily arriving at Memphis, to be converted into oil.  The oil is used for lubricating purposes and the oil cake, after being pressed, is used for fuel. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 6, 1862, p. 1, c. 7
           
Blue Stone.—We have on hand at this office a sample of Blue Stone manufactured at the Polk county Copper Mines.  This is an article indispensable to telegraph operators, and for some other purposes, and in general demand among farmers at seeding time.  The supply had become nearly exhausted, but is now being largely manufactured at Ducktown and no further difficulty will be experienced in procuring it.—Athens Post, Jan 10. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 6, 1862, p. 2, c. 3
Summary:  Discussion on Arkansas coal deposits. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 6, 1862, p. 1, c. 3
           
The Gold Medals Again.—Mr. W. W. Mattison, of Sulphur Springs, Arkansas, writes to us that Mrs. Sally Bang, a widow, has woven since the 1st of September, 108 yards of jeans and 78 yards of plain cloth.  She has also knitted 7 pairs of socks, and spun a portion of the filling for the cloth.  In addition to this, she has made clothes for her only son, who is a soldier in the confederate army.
           
Mr. R. H. Wardlaw, of Mt. Elba, Arkansas, writes to Gen. Ashley, that Miss Artemece B. Wardlaw commenced, in September last, to compete for the medal, and has since woven 78 yards of jeans and 88 yards of checked linsey, and spun a part of the filling.
           
As stated in our last issue, Mrs. Catherine Yeager wove 68 yards of jeans, 32 of linsey and 45 of cotton cloth.
           
When the premiums were offered, no time was fixed for the competitors to present their claims, and when Gen. Ashley awarded the premium of the first medal to Miss Andersons, hers was the best claim then presented.  Those named, are, so far, the four highest presented, and if there are others, they should be sent in immediately.  Under the circumstances, the ladies above named will each receive a premium of some kind, and the matter arranged to their satisfaction.
           
It has been intimated to us, that, if the war continues, another premium will be offered, and the time within which the claims must be presented, will be specified, so as to avoid mistake.  In this connection it may be proper to state that the cotton factories in this State will be able to fill all orders for spun thread.  The Van Buren factory will send a lot down the river, as soon as navigation opens, and Mr. Tobey will soon have his factory in operation in Norristown.  Cotton cloth will be in demand and will bring full prices, and our good housewives must prepare to supply the soldiers and civilians.  The above record of industry is a proud one for Arkansas, and a true gentleman will sooner take off his hat to one of the patriotic women than to a parvenue with soft hands who dresses in silk and despises honest toil. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 6, 1862, p. 1, c. 5
           
The following letter was accompanied by some samples of home made cloth, remarkable for their fineness:
                                               
                                                For the True Democrat.
                                               
                        Belfast, Saline Co., Ark., Jan. 20, 1862.
           
Mr. Editor—As your valuable paper is a welcome visitor in our family circle, and while perusing its columns, in these stirring and heart-rending times, in search of something new and interesting, I see a premium offered to those young ladies who will send in the largest number of yards of home made jeans cloth, and as I wish the young ladies success in their efforts to gain the medals, I will send you a few samples of my own manufacturing for those young ladies to excel.  Now girls, try yourselves.
           
As times are hard, I will send you some receipts for dying cloth, and if you think they will be of any value to the public, you may make them known to your numerous readers.
           
For Brown.—Take a large pot, fill it with walnut roots and the bark of red oak, about equal parts, boil them until the strength is out, then take out the bark; strain the ooze through a cloth into a clean vessel; wash the pot, pour back the ooze, let it boil.  The cloth must be sewed up like a sack, right side in, rinsed in warm soap suds before you put it in; put in your cloth now.  Raise every 15 or 20 minutes, air it well and put it back again, until it is as deep as you desire.  Rinse it well in clean water, then soap suds again; then dip the cloth in starch, let it get half dry, then roll it, right side in, on a smooth beam very tight, and be very careful to let no rinkles [sic] go on the beam, or they never will come out.  Then keep turning and beating with a mallet for one hour and a half; then commence rolling off and ironing on the wrong side until perfectly dry, as you take it off the beam.—The warp should be colored as you desire before putting in the loom.
           
For Black.—First boil a potfull of walnut root, take out the root then, add extract of logwood enough to dye it black; add a small portion of acatate [sic] of copper; carry the cloth through the same process as the first in dressing.  Post oak will do if you cannot get the walnut root; for dying black, add copperas.  This is no humbug, and will not rot the cloth, for I have been trying it for 18 years.
           
To Dye Drab Color.—Beech bark and peach tree root, boiled together, will make a beautiful color.
           
To Make a Dark Brown.—Walnut roots and the inside of pine bark, and copperas.
           
To Make a Light Clear Brown.—Walnut roots and laurel leaves.
           
To Make a Flesh Color.—The inside of pine bark and madder.
           
To Make a Dove Color.—The inside of pine bark and walnut leaves, add copperas.
           
A Substitute for Green Tea.—Get holly leaves, take a new tin vessel with a lid, fill the vessel two parts full of leaves, put on the lid, set it before the fire; turn it round and shake it, every five or ten minutes, to stir the leaves, until well cured; be sure and not open the vessel until you think it is well dried.  Then make and sweeten to the taste, and you will think it come from China.
           
To Keep Lard Fresh.—Pack it in jars when cool.  Take a cloth and dip it in melted beeswax, and while hot tie it over the jar; then another cloth over that.  This excludes the air and keeps it sweet.
           
For fear I become wearisome to you, I will desist, and send the rest the next time.
                                               
                                                            Mary E. Barr. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 6, 1862, p. 4, c. 3
           
A soldier's food should be well cooked; (no tainted meat,) his meals at regular hours; no violent exercise after eating; a hearty breakfast and at least one meal of animal food a day, with plenty of vegetables, as carrots, onions, rice, etc., ripe fruit, and, after exposure or fatigue, good hot soup, cleanliness observed, and the feet kept dry if possible.  He should have coffee once or twice a day, but if not to be got, the substitutes are—acorns, stripped and roasted, ground sassafras nuts, grated crust of bread, rye or wheat, parched with butter, beech root, horse beans, etc.  The substitutes for tea are—the yopon, rosemary, strawberry leaves.  But the best home made tea is made of good well made meadow hay (infusion).  While on the subject I'll say that starch can be made of frosted potatoes, and the tops make good potash when burnt; and the myrtle, glycerine, etc., will furnish the other components of soap. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 13, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
           
Meeting of the Ladies.—There will be a meeting of the Ladies Aid Society, at the Theatre hall on Friday morning, at 11 o'clock, for the purpose of making arrangements to attend the sick soldiers.
           
All are earnestly requested to attend. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 13, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

A Word to the Well To Do's.

. . . We hope that planters will so fix their cotton that it may be fired whenever a federal force gets within striking distance, and farmers will drive off all stock that may be in danger of falling into vandal hands.  But there is one way for mean of wealth to guard their property and keep it from falling into the clutches of the invaders.  That is, to put their muskets on their shoulders and go into the ranks.  Or, if too old or infirm to do military duty, let them spend a portion of their wealth in arming and equipping others.  We tell them, candidly, that unless they spend money freely—unless they give liberally and promptly, their property will become valueless.  Every energy, all resources, every means must be strained to the utmost.  The holding back of a few may imperil the safety of all, and if we fail, all will go in the general wreck.—Woe be to the man who refuses to make any sacrifice, save of honor or principle, in this great struggle.  Men must be equipped and their families supported while the husband, son, or brother is in the service.  It is not charity, but patriotism, to do this.  It is a duty, a matter of self-preservation, that must be done.  Those who will not come forward and lay these offerings freely on the altar of their country, must be taught that such a course will lose them all.  We have no fears of our ultimate success, for
                       
"Freedom's battle, once begun,
                       
Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son,
                       
Though baffled oft, is ever won;"
but if we do not make a sturdy resistance now, a long and bloody war may ensue, and as the surging waves of blood advance and recede over the land, they will engulf everything valuable.  We may come out of the war impoverished; ruined so far as property is concerned; and it may be possible that the war may survive us and the next generation will have nothing but their own stout hearts and the liberty they shall have bravely won.  But if we would leave them more; if we would preserve the wealth now in the country, we must be willing to lend it to the cause—to offer it freely and without stint.  As for the petty extortioners and shavers—the men who hoard up specie and endeavor to make cent. upon cent., their day of retribution will come.  The men worth thousands who have given a pittance of twenty, fifty, or a hundred dollars, should not stop there.  Let them put away all luxuries.  Close the pianos and go to spinning, sewing and knitting.  All classes must realize the tremendous fact that we are engaged in a war that will stretch every nerve, muscle and tendon—that will require a united and concentrated effort, and that will task the energies of all, old and young, rich and poor. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 13, 1862, p. 3, c. 2
Mrs. E. Wright, Little Rock, Arkansas:
           
Madam—On behalf of the Weaver Artillery, it is a first and pleasant duty, on my return home, to express to you, and the ladies and gentlemen, your co-adjutors, our grateful acknowledgments for the honors conferred—to say nothing of the substantial benefit bestowed—in being made the recipients of the proceeds of your last tableaux and concert.  This timely present of two hundred dollars, received through the hands of Col. H. C. Ashley, has enabled us to procure a handsome uniform, which it will be a pride and pleasure to wear, in memory of the donors, and will be a daily remembrance of their life-like representations, sweet voices and kind hearts.
                                               
                                    Very truly and respectfully,
                                               
                                                            your ob't serv't,
                                               
                                                W. E. Woodruff, jr.,
                                               
                                                Captain W. A.
Little Rock, Ark., Jan'y 10, 1862. 

[LITTLE ROCK] ARKANSAS TRUE DEMOCRAT, February 13, 1862, p. 3, c. 2