SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA]  
February 1860 - February 1865
 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], February 2, 1860, p. 1, c. 3
        The Old Spinning Wheel
            By Mrs. D. G. Foss.


In exstacy [sic] let others praise
               
The organ's lofty peal;
To me there is no music like
               
The dear old spinning wheel. 

Its gentle buzzing greets my ear
               
With a soft, lulling sound,
Like the faint echoes of the woods
               
Where waterfalls resound. 

How many memories of the past,
               
Clust'ring round it cling;
And make it round my throbbing heart
               
A dear time-honored thing! 

Our mother, ere the household band
               
Had left the household hearth,
Mingled the music of the wheel
               
With many an evening's mirth. 

And later in her green old age,
               
She rung out many a chime—
Rising and falling with each step,
               
Her cap border beat time. 

She taught us that our lives must be
               
Like the uneven thread;
Peace to her ashes!  for she sleeps
               
Now with the silent dead. 

As soon the spinning wheel will pass,
               
Its music soon be o'er—
Oh!  who'll appreciate its worth
               
One generation more? 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 6, 1860, p. 1, c. 3

From the National Intelligencer.
                Campaign Song.
            Air—"Star-Spangled Banner."

Oh! do you not hear, as it leaps thro' the air,
               
A shout whose sound reaches from ocean to ocean?
'Tis the 'larum note clear of the free, far and near,
               
Striking home to the heart midst the din and commotion.
                               
And no longer we pause,
                               
Traitors scoff at the laws,
                               
Constitution and Union,
                               
Which we've made our cause;
Then fling broad the banner, the Union we'll save
To the sons of the Free, in the home of the Brave. 

The foemen now dare to advance from the lair
               
Where have lurk'd their [hole in paper] aims 'gainst the peace of the Nation;
Unblushing they ask, as each throws off the mask,
               
Success to their cause, or Disunion!  Secession!
                               
You heed well the cry,
                               
To the ballot-box fly,
                               
And conquer all faction,
                               
Conquer nobly or die!
So the flag of our Nation not a star less may wave
O'er the land of the Free and the home of the Brave! 

Oh! do you not see (down in fair Tennessee),
               
A Chieftain whose record we all may confide in?
Another whose fame, link'd with Washington's name,
               
Has spread thro' the land we're all proud to reside in?
                               
Then with statesmen so just,
                               
Whom the People will trust,
                               
To conquer is easy,
                               
And conquer we must.
"Bell and Everett," our champions, the Union they'll save,
And long, long, wave our flag o'er the Free and the Brave! 

Washington, August 29, 1860.                                          F.Y. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 20, 1860, p. 1, c. 8

The Union Wagon.
            Tune—"Wait for the Wagon."

There's a right and wrong in politics,
               
And right is on our side;
So we've harnessed up the wagon, boys,
               
To let the nation ride.
The Union is our wagon,
               
And it isn't any shell,
For its crowded with the people,
               
And its driver is John Bell.
                               
Chorus--                Wait for the wagon,
                                                               
Wait for the wagon,
                                                               
Wait for the wagon,
                                                               
For the driver is John Bell. 

This wagon is a noble one,
               
'Twas made in seventy-six.
'Twas driven by George Washington,
               
Through stormy politics;
With northern oak and eastern pine,
               
And western ash 'tis bound—
Palmetto, cypress, cotton wood,
               
In every wheel are found,  
                               
Chorus— 

The mill boy of the slashes, boys,
               
Kentucky's Henry Clay,
Once sat upon the wagon
               
As we're sitting here to-day;
He drove the road of Compromise,
               
By Constitution charts,
And held the reins of Union
               
All 'round the people's hearts.
                               
Chorus— 

In this our famous wagon,
               
With the people at its back,
Through all the troublous elements
               
Our own Bell keeps the track;
And when the hand of Webster shook
               
The hand of proud Calhoun,
'Twas here upon this wagon-box
               
They sat in close commune.
                               
Chorus— 

So jump into the wagon, boys,
               
The people are its springs,
We're running on the Union course,
               
And John Bell holds the strings.
The Union is our wagon,
               
And it isn't any shell,
For it's crowded with the people,
               
And the driver is John Bell.
                               
Chorus— 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 20, 1860, p. 2, c. 5

Powerful Attraction!
Theatrical Democracy!
Re-organized and newly equipped for the
"Travelling Season of 1860," will per-
form in several Southern Cities
and small towns in the north
during the Summer and
Autumn.
The Management.


Sole Lessee and Director of Amusements......................................W. L. Yancey.
Acting and Stage Manager.............................................................John Slidell.
Prompter...........................................................................James Gordon Bennett.
Treasurer...........................................................................................Sen. Bayard.
Scenic Artist.................................................................................G. W. Bowman.
Master of the Toilet..............................................................Sig. Jeff. Davisimo.
Sups, Jas. Buchanan, John  C. Breckinridge, and Jos. Lane.
               
Mr. Yancy respectfully announces that his Company has been selected for the express purpose of producing in an inimitable manner,
SMALL FARCES,
               
BROAD BURLESQUES,
                               
GROTESQUE DANCES,
                                               
AND FUNNY LITTLE SONGS,
Affording to the people a series of
               
LIGHT ENTERTAINMENTS,
Appropriate to the hot season.


The Stock Company

Includes the following well known actors:
Mr. Wm. L. Yancey, "walking gentleman," player of light, amusing parts, and Singer of
               
Funny little Songs.
Mr. John Slidell, "first old man," and author of "Plaquemine"—a jolly good thing, if you
               
don't care what you say.
Sig. Jeff. Davisimo, the celebrated half-bushel dancer and Mississippi Contortionist.
Mr. Lewis Cass, "first old woman," and player of weak female parts.
Mr. Jesse D. Bright, the Great Booby performer and graphic delineator of the Northern
               
Nincompoop.
Mr. Fitch, the Quack Doctor, dirt-eater, &c.
Mr. J. P. Benjamin, the Southern Soap Man and wind instrument performer.
Mr. Caleb Cushing, the "Stage Villain," also the acrobat and contortionist, who will twist
               
himself into a Webster Whig, a Sumner abolitionist, a Davis Fire-eater,
                Secessionist, and Bolter.
Mr. Roger A. Pryor, the eater of fire, will "act out" his amusing part of Clay in the hands
               
of the Potter.
Together with a host of lesser lights, including Mat. Johnson, the call-boy and carpet
               
shaker; Ben Harrington, the Ohio Tom Thumb; Master Charles Augustus Schell,
               
Charley Green, Ike Toucey, &c.

The Orchestra.

Instruments.                                                                         By whom played
Hand Organ.....................................................................Washington Constitution.
Snare Drum.....................................................................Richmond Enquirer.
Fife..................................................................................New Orleans Courier.
Nery Base Drum.............................................................New York Herald.
Don't know what-in-the-devil-it-is.................................New York News.
Fiddle (any tune that pays).............................................Boston Post.
Penny Whistle.................................................................Hartford Times.
2d Penny Whistle............................................................Washington Star.
3d Penny Whistle............................................................Cleveland National Democrat.

Among the Broad Farces in the repertoire
of this Company will be found the
exceeding funny pieces called

Wasn't we smart at Baltimore—Ain't we old Pie—and Ain't we some Mush on a Rag,
Cast to the entire strength of the Company—robbers, thieves, &c., by numerous auxiliaries.

The Side Show

Attending the Theatrical Democracy, and owned by Messrs.
               
Bigler,
                               
Bayard, 
                                               
Bright, and
                                                               
Butler,
Contains a Buck Rabbit and a bass drum; and Whitney, the Massachusetts Boneless Man, will invariably appear when he says he won't.

The Theatrical Democracy,

Flattered by the trust placed in them, pledge themselves to never repudiate that trust so long as they can get any body to trust them.

Prices of Admission:

Postmasters, collectors, route agents, clerks, and government stipendiaries generally—half their salaries.
               
[No other persons are expected.] 

                We understand the above company have divided for the Fall.  Mr. Lessee Yancey is making a Northern trip, and, we understand, draws crowded houses, to hear him in his favorite song, "The Star Spangled Banner."
               
Major Breckinridge is travelling for the season, through Kentucky, singing "I'm a Used up Man," the beautiful little songs, of "O, would I were a Boy Again," and "The Harp that once thro' Tara's Walls."  We learn he sings with great beauty and feeling.
               
A new side show has been gotten up for the South, and will exhibit through Georgia—will appear at Gainesville, 21st Sept.  See handbills.
               
The services of that distinguished performer, Hon. Robt. Toombs, have been secured.  He will make his first appearance at Gainesville, in his inimitable Hornpipe Dance.  He will then appear in "Pepper Pod, or Firing the Southern Heart."
               
After which, he will exhibit his magnificent dissolving views on Slavery, Squatter Sovereignty views of 1848, Slavery settled by the Compromise of 1850, Slavery settled in 1858, by the English Bill, Slavery re-opened and to be settled by Protection, if necessary, in 1860.  To conclude this part of the exhibition, with his popular song of "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean."

                                                "Lay the proud usurpers low!
                                               
Tyrants fall in every foe!
                                               
Liberty's in every blow,
                                               
Let us do or die."

                Dr. Miller will appear in his comic song of
                                               
"How is you, dear folks, one and all?
                                                               
I'm glad to see you well;
                                               
I've come to live wid you, dis fall
                                                               
It is de truth I tell."
               
The performance to be concluded by Dr. Miller, in the celebrated Reprieve song, of Lucious Gartrell:
                                               
"I had a dream the other night,
                                                               
When every thing was still,
                                               
I thought I saw Sir Lucious G---
                                                               
A coming down the hill,
                               
Says he, Bill Yancey's done the wrong—
                               
'Twas Yancey sprung the Charleston feud—
                               
Protection, was his song.
                               
O!  friend  Douglas, I know you will forgive,
                               
'Twas Yancey caught me in this trap—
                               
I hope you'll let me live."
               
Copies of Washington's Farewell Address, Declaration of Independence, The Star Spangled Banner and various Union songs, and good likenesses of Mr. Buchanan, can be procured from the agent.
               
Governor McDonald will recite "Old heads on Young Shoulders, or the Nashville Convention Revived."  To conclude with his favorite song of "Our Union, Right or Wrong."  Messrs. Toombs and Iverson will sing the beautiful song, "Why do Summer Roses Fade?"  'Tis truly touching, to hear them in the verse—
                               
"Then while Summer roses last,
                               
Oh! let's be friends together,
                               
Summer time will soon be past,
                               
When Autumn's leaves around us cast,
                               
And then comes wintry weather."
               
Hon. Henry Jackson, makes his appearance in the song of Bruce, to his troops, on the eve of the battle of Bannock Burn.—The applause is immense, as he concludes with the verse—
[end of article] 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 1, 1861, p. 2, c. 1

Burning of the Pioneer Paper Mill.

The paper mill three and a half miles from this place was totally consumed by fire on Wednesday morning last, together with all the paper and stock on hand.  The origin of the fire, we believe, is considered doubtful.  It may have been accidental, or it may have been the work of an incendiary.  The loss is estimated at $16,000.  There was no insurance.  We believe it is the intention of the stockholders to rebuild--we hope so, at all events, as it is a great convenience to us to have our paper manufactured at home. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 12, 1861, p. 1, c. 5

Love of Old Maids.

                A smart English writer says, in one of his magazines:
               
"I am an admirer—I might also say, a lover—of old maids.  Their very age is a recommendation in my eyes.  They have "done" life; they have gathered in a full garner of experience; without the care of babies, servants and perambulators, they have as much experience of society—often more—than the married women.  They are still open to tender approaches—they sometimes invite them; but they have none of the dangers which surround youth and beauty.  No mamma asks your intentions, or brother prepares to call you a scoundrel, no father makes inquiries as to your income, when you turn pretty compliments to Miss Tabitha; and if she cannot blush she can still simper; and if she cannot look back love, she can give you your change in a smart repartee.  It is then in no spirit of detraction, ridicule, or raillery, that I approach this virgin subject, on which no pen has hitherto enlarged.  It is as a philosopher, moralist, an admirer, and sincere well-wisher, that I take up the glove in favor of my pendants in the other sex.  I have always considered gallantry to the sex to be the especial duty of celibate position, and while at my nieces' my photograph hangs next to that of her maiden aunt Barbara, I cannot think it becoming to breathe a word against those who at fifty have rocked no head upon their bosoms, and whose lips at sixty are as unsullied as the leaves of any Virginian creeper.  There is one class of old maids whom I pity from the bottom of my heart; those, namely, who have grown gray as governesses.  What a life to look back upon.  What a dull, monotonous, hopeless existence!   When young and pretty, how she loved, and checked her love, the dashing young brother of her pupils; or how heartlessly she was reminded of her incapacity, or her inferiority of position.—When older, how she wearied of the same incessant, thankless occupation; how bitterly she envied, or strove not to envy, those happier girls who were "coming out" under her chaperonage, and who would enjoy all that gayety and attention which she had never known!  How she went from family to family, now among kind and considerate folks; now to a vulgar set, who would treat her like a servant.  Oh! how she envied those servants who have their separate rooms and their followers, and could receive without shame the half worn dresses, which she would have been glad to wear.  And then, when old age came, and when all hope was given up, what poor little savings she depends on; what few friends she has to look to; what a miserable dull end to a miserably dull life.--Rural Register

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 2
Just Received,
Rutledge,                                                                                        $1 25
Household of Bouverie, 2 vols.                                                         2 00
Ingroham's Sunny South`                                                                  1 25
The Linton Family.                                                                            1 25
Sheppan's Life of Douglas,                                                               1 00
Webster's 4 to. Dictionary, Pictorial Edition                                      6 50
Lewe's Physiology of Common Life                                                  2 00
Johnston's Chemistry, do           do                                                   2 00
Chamber's New Encyclopedia, vol. 1                                                3 50
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,                                              4 00
    
Also, lot of New Music, at Publisher's prices.
Sept.                                                                                                                       Wm. N. White. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 2

Ice and Ice-Cream.

Henry keeps a constant supply of ICE on hand, and serves up ICE-CREAM every afternoon (Sundays excepted) on Jackson street.                                        June 26.
Mackrel [sic] and white fish may be found in quality and quantity to suit at
April 10.                                                                                                                 I. M. Kenney.

Turnip Seed!

A full stock of the common Field Turnip Seed, fresh saved, of Georgia growth.  Also a limited supply of the following kinds:
Early Red, or Purple Top; Early White Flat Dutch; Early Yellow Dutch; Purple Top Ruta Baga; White Ruta Baga; Large White Norfolk; Large White Globe.
Also, White and Black Mustard, Greens, Spinach and other seeds, for late sowing.
July 10.                                                                                   Wm. N. White. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 3

Sewing Machines.

Wheeler & Wilson's are now sold, with the hemmer attached, at $45 and freight.  The old price was, with hemmer, $55 and freight, ($50 without.)  They are greatly improved very recently.  Twice as many are sold monthly as those made by any other manufacturer.  For sale by
Nov. 22                                                                                                  Wm. N. White. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 5

Nicholson, Reaves & Wynn,
Agents of the
Hazard Powder Company.

A large stock of all the different grades, kept constantly on hand; and sold at Manufacturer's prices.
Athens, June 18, 1859. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 5

Notice to Planters!
Three Thousand Pairs of the
Best Negro Shoes in the world!
Made by McCleskey & Doyle.

We will keep a good assortment of these at the store of Messrs. Pitner, England & Freeman, in Athens, where Mr. McCleskey will be found at all times, ready to wait upon customers.  We will sell these shoes in lots, from 10 pair up, at $1.50 per pair.
Cash will be paid for Hides.
Oct. 18.                                                                                   McCleksey & Doyle.
Kerosene Oil, finest quality, for sale by
Sept. 20.                                                                                 T. Bishop & Sons. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 6

Kerosene Lamps.

As the long winter nights are approaching, when "More Light" will be required, we would call attention to a large and varied assortment, which we have just opened, which we will sell at a small advance for cash.
Nov. 8                                                                                                    A. M. Wyng & Co. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 6
Lucerne, White clover, Red Clover and Blue Grass seed, Hyacinths, Crocus, Crown Imperial Tulips, and Narcissus, Bulbs, &c.  For sale by
Nov. 15                                                                                  Wm. N. White.

Lamps!  Lamps!

The Subscriber has just received an assortment of Kerosene Centre [sic] Table Lamps.  Lard Lamps altered to burn Kerosene Oil.                                             A. K. Childs.
Butterscotch Candy--This pleasant and effective remedy for coughs and colds may be had at
Oct. 25                                                                                                    I. M. Kenney. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 7, 1861, p. 4, c. 7

For Sale!
A Larger Assortment of the Very Best Quality of
Furniture!
Made in modern style; and the workmanship warranted.

                All persons wanting goods, in my trade, will do well to call and examine before sending off, as I am determined to sell at war prices, that is, as cheap as any dealer in the State will.  I keep everything belonging to the trade, and am constantly manufacturing such as

Bureaus, Safes, Cottage Bedsteads, Common Wardrobes, Tables, &c.,

And will make to order anything belonging to the Cabinet department.  Farmers wanting Furniture can pay for it in wheat, corn, cleaned oats, or flour, at the regular market price.  I will say to those having cash on hand, that five per cent. of my cash sales, for the next ninety days, will be appropriated to the benefit of Clarke county Volunteers or their families.
               
June 19, 1861.                                                                                                        J. M. Smith.

[illustration of coffin]

                I still keep on hand two styles of Metallic Burial Caskets of the most approved material and finish.  Also, common Coffins, plain or trimmed, to suit those wanting them.
                                                                                                                                               
J. M. S. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 21, 1861, p. 3, c. 4

Ladies, Take Notice.

I have on hand a nice lot of Linen Bird-Eye Diapers--fine Bleached Homespun--solid colored Brilliants--10-4 Sheetings--full width Table Cloth Damask, and many other articles, as cheap as they ever were, for cash.
(Aug. 21)                                                                                               I. M. Kenney. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 21, 1861, p. 4, c. 1
    Tomatoes for Children.--There is no better remedy for the derangement of the bowels in children while teething than stewed tomatoes, fed to them plentifully; care being taken to keep the child's extremities warm.  Be careful to cover its neck and arms, especially of an evening; give it crushed ice to assuage thirst if possible, rather than give it water; avoid cordials as they only produce fever.  The tomatoes ought to be ripe and fresh, though the vegetables preserved in cans have been used with great success. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 21, 1861, p. 4, c. 4

Metallic Burial Cases,
[illustration]
Mahogany, Rosewood, and all other kinds in use in market.
Gilt, Rosewood & Mahogany Mouldings,
Looking-Glass,
Cabinet Makers' Materials, Upholstery, &c.
And a general assortment of
Furniture,

                As low as can be bought in the market, always on hand and for sale at the Furniture ware-room of
                                                                                                               
Wm. Wood,
               
Athens, Nov. 25.                                                                  Near the Episcopal Church. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 28, 1861, p. 1, c. 5

Clothing for the Soldiers.

All who can do so should, at the earliest possible day, make up something like the following, for their friends and relatives, omitting such, of course, as have heretofore been furnished:
Two pair of pants of heavy brown or grey mixed jeans, lined, if thought advisable, with domestic.  One roundabout, or army jacket, of the same material, lined throughout, with side and vest pockets.  It should be long enough to come some four inches below the waistband of the pants, and large enough to be worn over the vest or outside shirt.
    One heavy vest of jeans, linsey or kersey.
    One overshirt, of some woolen or mixed.
    One or two pair of drawers, as they may require.
    Two pair of heavy woolen socks.
    One good blanket--lined is advisable.
    An overcoat, or a loose sack coat; or hunting shirt with belt. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 28, 1861, p. 1, c. 7
    Cotton Socks for the Army.--A local correspondent of the Nashville Union, who says he has worn in Winter for five years, a coarse cotton sock, pronounces it for comfort, warmth and economy unequaled by the "yarn" or the "woollen [sic] sock."  He says it is proven by experiment, that the best, and cheapest sock for our soldiers is the cotton, provided they are made of coarse, loose yarns, and twisted three ply soft.  The supply of wool is likely to fall short, and if cotton will answer all purposes of the woollen [sic], we can from the abundance of cotton easily supply our forces. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 28, 1861, p. 2, c. 1

Grain.

                We are frequently asked if we will receive grain in payment of dues.  We answer, yes.  It may be delivered here at the market price of this place--or it will be received by our agents at the current rates of their respective counties. [note:  subscription to newspaper] 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], August 28, 1861, p. 2, c. 2

For the Southern Watchman.
To the Little Girls of Georgia.

                I was shown the other day two pairs of good woollen [sic] socks, knit by a little girl only eight years of age, (Fannie Bugg, of Oglethorpe co.,) intended for a member of the "Oglethorpe Rifles."  This is a noble example for the little girls of our State.  There are at least thirty thousand of them in Georgia under twelve years of age, who can knit.  Now, let each of them do as Fannie has done, and there will be sixty thousand pairs of good warm socks for our gallant soldiers in the field, produced in this way with little trouble and expense, in a very short time.  Let each little girl get her mother to prepare her some yarn and put her to knitting immediately, and by the 1st of October there will be a bountiful winter supply of socks for all our soldiers, gotten up by *our little girls,* which would be doing a noble part.  I hope to hear of many thousands of Georgia's noble-hearted little girls going into the work, and that none of our soldiers will want socks during the winter.

                                                                                                Respectfully, yours,
                                                                                                               
M. P. Caldwell. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 18, 1861, p. 3, c. 1
[left edge cut off, but gives dimensions for hospital shirts, short bed gowns, cotton drawers, comforts (42x78), pillow sacks, mattress sacks] 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 25, 1861, p. 2, c. 5

Patriotic Music.

Victory of Manassas--Grand March; Gen. Beauregard's Grand march; President Davis' Grand March; Our First President's step.; Flag of the Free Eleven; DIXIE'S LAND; Dixie's Land Variation; War Song of Dixie; Southern Confederacy mazurka; The South, Our Country; God and Our Rights; With many others.  Just received others.
Sept. 18, 1861                                                                                        Wm. N. White. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], September 25, 1861, p. 4, c. 4

[illustration]
Patent Parabola Spectacles.

                A large lot of these Superior Glasses, just received and for sale by MANDEVILLE & BRO., the only authorized agents for Athens, Clarke county, Ga.
               
Aug. 30, 1860. 

Metropolitan Washing Machine.
Grady, Nicholson, & Co.

                Are agents for the above Machine, which is believed to be the only washing machine of real merit ever offered in this country.  Call and see them.  They are warranted to give satisfaction. 

Lamps!  Lamps!

                The Subscriber has just received an assortment of Kerosene Centre Table Lamps.  Lard Lamps altered to burn Kerosene Oil.                                     A. K. Childs. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], October 2, 1861, p. 2, c. 1
    We were shown recently a lot of heavy woollen [sic] gloves, comforts, &c. fabricated by Misses Matthews, of Jackson county, for some of our brave volunteers in Virginia.  We had no idea that such articles could be gotten up here in such beautiful style.  They reflect much credit upon the taste, skill and patriotism of the young ladies, and will no doubt contribute much to the comfort of those for whom they were made. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], October 9, 1861, p. 1, c. 2
    Stern necessity compels us to appear before the public this week on a half sheet.  It is no fault of ours.  We almost "compassed sea and land" in search of paper, but could find none in the Southern Confederacy, and we were afraid to go to Doodledom after it.  We are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Winter of the Bath Mills, S. C., for the loan of a small lot--he had none for sale.
    We may possibly have to appear again on a half sheet next week; but after that, we hope to be able to avoid doing so again.  We regret the necessity exceedingly--we never expected to see the Watchman thus cut down; but it could not be helped.  We were obliged to yield.
    One third of the papers in the Confederate States have been entirely discontinued; while of the remainder, more than one half are published either on a half sheet or have been reduced in size.
    In order to secure a supply of paper, we shall be obliged to reduce our size for the present.  The great decrease in our advertising patronage, however, will enable us to give our readers more reading matter than we did in our mammoth sheet in more prosperous times.
    We trust that we shall not lose one subscriber from this cause.  We adopt the plan not to defraud them, but because necessity drives us to it.  It will now cost us more to furnish them with a smaller paper than it did to supply them with a large one; while our receipts from advertising have been cut down at least two-thirds, with a large falling off in job work.  As soon as circumstances will permit, we will resume the large size. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], October 9, 1861, p. 1, c. 3
  
                Soldier's Aid Society.--The following report speaks volumes in favor of the ladies of Clarke county:
  
                Quarterly Report of the Soldier's Aid Society of Clarke county.
 No. of coats                          301                          Canteen covers                    160
               
pants,                     297                          Comforters                              6
               
shirts,                     794                          Havelocks                             60
               
draws,                    621                          Extra garments,                     65
               
socks,                     348                          Total                                       2,595
The Society takes this opportunity to thank the Ladies of Watkinsville for their cheerful assistance in making the above mentioned articles.
Sept. 30, 1861.                                                                       Susan A. Lipscomb, Sec. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], October 16, 1861, p. 2, c. 5

To our Patrons.

We present the Watchman this week on a smaller sheet than formerly.  We regret the necessity which compels us to adopt this course; but it is imperative.  We could not procure a supply of paper of the large size in the Confederate States--while the increased price of paper and all other supplies and our diminished receipts from advertising, which is the main support of newspapers in this country, rendered it quite impossible to continue our mammoth sheet.
    Our advertisements occupying now so much less space than formerly, we will be enabled to give our readers the current news of the day *at the old price*, notwithstanding everything else has advanced.
    It will be perceived, likewise, that although reduced in size, our paper is now larger than some of the oldest papers in the country, published in large cities.
    . . .  Those indebted to us, who find it inconvenient to pay in money, may send us any kind of country produce--corn, wheat, flour, oats, rye, butter, hay, shucks, fodder, chickens, eggs--any thing that can be eaten or worn, or that will answer for fuel.  Now, there is no longer any excuse for delinquents. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], October 23, 1861, p. 3, c. 1

Salt.

We are requested by Col. Wilkerson to state, that if the citizens will pay his expenses to the Virginia salt works, he will purchase such supply as they may order, without charging any commission for his services.  It is believed that this salt can be laid down here at $3 50 per sack.
    We know this Virginia salt--hardly ever knew anything else--and unhesitatingly state that it is fifty per cent. better than Liverpool salt. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], November 13, 1861, p. 3, c. 3-4
                                                                                                               
From the Atlanta Intelligencer.

Valuable Information.

We are indebted to Mr. W. F. Herring, of the house of W. F. Herring & Co., of this city, for the following valuable information, relative to the manufacture of cotton goods in Georgia; the number, names, and locations of the manufactories; and the supposed supply and demand for cotton goods the coming year. . . .  It will be a source of gratification to every Georgian to learn that the Empire State leads in the manufacture of most of the necessary articles, and particularly the fabrics for clothing.
    The writer has taken some pains to learn the amounts and kinds of cloths, fabricated in the State of Georgia, and believes the figures, (which have been very carefully collated,) will have a tendency to allay the excitement in the market, at least, so far as cotton goods are concerned, *of which there must soon be an ample supply*--unless the quantities used for tent cloths, knapsacks, &c., should continue as great as heretofore, which cannot be expected.  The writer makes the above assertion, and on the supposition that we have tents and accountrements [sic], consuming cotton fabrics, for 350,000 men, which have been made within the last twelve months, and that will not have to be replaced with new ones under two years in the main; and that an addition of 150,000 more in the next twelve months, is as much as may be reasonably calculated upon.
    The aggregate weekly production of cotton goods in this State, may be set down as follows:
Shirtings and sheetings..........202,000 yards
Osnaburgs, stripes, drills, and Denims.........271,500 yards
The exhibit of woollen [sic] goods is almost as satisfactory.
The amount of kerseys and linseys manufactured in Georgia, per week being 23,000 yards
And of woollen [sic] jeans and cassimeres, being........22,900 yards
The above goods are made by the following Mills:
Athens Factory, Athens, Georgia, make shirtings, stripes, kerseys and cassimeres.
Princeton Factory, Athens, Georgia, make shirtings, stripes, kerseys and cassimeres.
Eagle Mills, Columbus, Georgia, shirtings, stripes, osnaburgs, kerseys and cassimeres.
Rock Factory, Warren county, Georgia, osnaburgs, kerseys and cassimeres.
Milledgeville Factory, Milledgeville, Ga., osnaburgs, and kerseys.
Trion Factory, Chattooga county, Georgia, osnaburgs, kerseys and cassimeres.
Ivy Mills, Roswell, Geo., cassimeres.
Seven Islands, Butts county, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Richmond Factory, Augusta, Georgia, kerseys.
Columbus Factory, Columbus, Georgia, shirtings, osnaburgs, kerseys and cassimeres.
Howell's Factory, Morgan county, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Eatonton Factory, Eatonton, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Cooper & Tooke's Factory, Houston county, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Houston Factory, Houston county, Geo., osnaburgs and kerseys.
Taylor Factory, Taylor county, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Augusta Factory,  Augusta, Georgia, shirtings, sheetings and drills.
White's Factory, Athens Georgia, osnaburgs and ducks
Newton Factory, Newton county, Georgia, osnaburgs and kerseys.
Scull Shoals Factory, Green county, Ga., osnaburgs.
Curtright's Factory, Green county, Georgia, shirtings, osnaburgs and ducks.
Roswell Factory, Roswell, Georgia, shirtings, sheetings, osnaburgs and ducks.
Grant's Factory, Columbus, Georgia, osnaburgs and ducks.
Macon Factory, Macon, Georgia, sheetings, osnaburgs and ducks.
Troup Factory, Troup county, Georgia, osnaburgs and ducks.
Rogers' Factory, Thomaston, Georgia, osnaburgs and ducks.
Upton Factory, Upson county, Georgia, osnaburgs and ducks.
Flint River Factory, Upson county, Ga., osnaburgs and ducks.
Sweet Water Factory, Cobb county, Ga., osnaburgs and ducks.
Monton Factory, Sparta, Geo., shirtings, sheetings, osnaburgs and ducks.
Swinnett Factory, Lawrenceville, Geo., shirtings, sheetings and osnaburgs.
    The above Factories, nearly all, make a surplus of cotton yarns, which are now readily sold and are being woven upon hand looms in the country, and there are several small Factories that only spin yarn in the State, not included in the above list.
    Let our friends in the other States take down the figures and get as nearly as possible the production of their different Factories, and we will soon find out whether there is any just ground for the fears about a scarcity of goods.  Georgia is certainly, to-day, producing largely more than she is consuming of the above named goods. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], December 11, 1861, p. 2, c. 4

A Novelty.

                Mr. A. J. McGaughey, of Walton county, exhibited to us recently a novelty in Southern manufactures, in the shape of a pair of shoes without a particle of leather in them or about them.  The *soles* were made of wood, and the *uppers* of prepared canvas, made water-proof.  Mr. M. informs us they are quite comfortable--cost $1.75--and were made in Monroe.  We regret that we have forgotten the maker's name. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], December 25, 1861, p. 1, c. 4
               
To restore faded parasols.--Sponge the faded silk with warm water and soap, then rub them with a dry cloth, afterward iron them on the inside with a smoothing iron.  If the silk be old it may be improved by smoking with spirits, in which case the ironing would be done on the right side; thin paper being spread over to prevent glazing. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], January 1, 1862, p. 3, c. 1 [Summary:  article on weaving shawls--who did it, who hired it done, etc.--shows cooperation between women on various tasks--squabbles about credit] 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], January 15, 1862, p. 2, c. 2
Wooden Shoe Factery [sic] in Raleigh.--An enterprising firm in Raleigh, N. C., have fitted up an extensive factory for the manufacture of wooden shoes, made from gum and poplar.  They are already turning out 100 pairs a day. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], February 5, 1862, p. 3, c. 4

New Goods!

Just received and for sale--Biscuit Soda; Black Pepper; Borax; Mccaboy Snuff; Copperas; Indigo; Madder; Logwood; Venetian Red; Spanish Brown; Pain Killer; Mustang Linament [sic]; Radway's Ready Relief; Toilet Soaps, in great varieties; Lubin's Extracts; Glass, 8 x 10 and 10 x 12; Putty; Morphine; at R. M. Smith's Drug Store. 
Feb. 5 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], February 12, 1862, p. 4, c. 2
    Advice to Young Men.--A lady writer, who is evidently "booked up," gives young men the following good advice:
    Don't believe any woman to be an angel.  If you feel any symptoms of this disease, take a dose of sage tea and go to bed--it is as much a malady as the small pox, and it is your business to get over it as soon as possible.  An angel indeed?  If you dont [sic] find out pretty soon that she lacks considerably more than wings, we are mistaken!  Dont [sic] make up your mind about any creature in a belt ribbon and velvet rosettes, without first asking your sister's advice.  Depend upon it, one woman can read another better in five minutes than you can in five years. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], March 12, 1862, p. 2, c. 5

Spinning Wheels.

                Mr. H. A Cook, of the "Southern Wheel Company," exhibited to us the other day a very simple contrivance for increasing the speed of spindles three-fold.  This lessens the labor of turning the wheel, and doubles the quantity of work done in a day.   We learn from Mr. C. that it is the intention of the company to keep the market fully supplied with these wheels. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], March 19, 1862, p. 2, c. 2 [Summary:  article on raising money for gunboat fund--Athens, GA] 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 2, 1862, p. 2, c. 2

Georgia-Made Bark Mills

Among the other articles added to the list of manufactures of the Athens Foundry and machine Works since the war began, we learn they are now making very superior Bark Mills.  With our increased demand for leather, this is a very important matter, and we are pleased to learn that those in operation have given perfect satisfaction.  They are put up in the latest and best style and can be furnished to any extent demanded.
    The same establishment, as we mentioned some time ago, are putting up power-looms and other machinery for factories.  Their looms now running in the Athens factory perform their work just as well as any looms can.  Hurra [sic] for home manufactures! 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 23, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

We Can't Help It!

Our readers will discover that our sheet is much smaller this week than usual.  None can regret it more than we do.  We could not help it.  It is no fault of ours or of our readers.  They have furnished us with the means to purchase paper--we ordered it three weeks ago, but up to the time of going to press have *not received* it.  Luckily, we had a sufficiency of a smaller size for this week's issue and have done the best we could, under the circumstances.  Next week we must be able to resume our usual size. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 23, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

Salt.

Our fellow-citizen J. D. Matthews, Esq., exhibited to us a few days since, a specimen of salt manufactured from the dirt in his smoke-house.  It was apparently as strong as any salt, though not so white.  He informs us that the process is simple.  The dirt is thrown into a box or barrel, and water poured over it, as in making ley [lye].  The drippings are boiled down, and a good article of salt is the result.  He made, he informed us, half a gallon from two bushels of dirt.
    Dr. Anthony, of Oglethorpe, also informed us the other day that he had tried the experiment successfully. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

Paper.

We have again got a lot of paper, but oh! what a price!--$7.50 per ream!  Good paper only cost us $3.25 twelve months ago.  With such prices for paper, and every thing else proportionally high, how are we to furnish our sheet at $2 a year?  And yet, strange to say, many persons who are indebted to us one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ten, and even twelve years, refuse or fail to pay that!!  Is there justice in such treatment? 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

Domestic Manufactures.

We are pleased to record the fact, that Mr. R. Schevenell has succeeded in making machinery for the manufacture of cotton cards--an article so much needed throughout the Southern Confederacy at this time.
    We are now using printing ink of our own manufacture, which is much better in quality than we have bought for several years past.  Owing to the high price of materials, however, it is quite expensive. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], April 30, 1862, p. 2, c. 4
                                                                                                          
Savannah, Ga., April 26th, 1862.
    John H. Christy, Esq.--It has been a long time since I penned a sentence for the Watchman, with the readers of which I used to hold voluminous converse on various subjects of public policy, over the signature of "Samuel" and other cognomens. ... I have been in the army, stationed at, and near this city, for the defence [sic] of Savannah and the coast, near four months.  I sought, and have attained, the position I desired--that of a high private in the ranks of the Soldier. . . .  In view of the possibility of an occupation of the city by Lincoln's forces, many families have left, and sought shelter in the interior towns and villages, and in the country.  The streets everywhere present a denuded appearance, so far as population is concerned, and business of every description presents the same lifeless, unhealthy aspect.  The business of measuring tape, the dry goods part, is in the hands, and conducted principally, by cadaverous looking, cushion-footed Jews, that infest and have cursed every hamlet, village, town, and city in the land.  They utterly refuse to shoulder their muskets and fight in defence [sic] of the invaded South; and as to making donations to our various hospitals, or furnishing our soldiers, or their suffering wives and children, with needful supplies, without two prices for every article, they are as clear of it as a dog of a soul.  It is characteristic of a Jew to be engaged in the clothing trade, always having old "garments" on their shelves for sale. ...  Bacon commands from 40 to 60 cents; meal $2.25 and $2.50; flour $12 and $15; chickens 75 cents; eggs 60 cents; pork 25 and mutton 20 cents, etc., etc.; all kinds of vegetables, of which there seems to be great abundance on the market, maintaining correspondingly high figures. . . . W. A. Lewis. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 7, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
    Shoe Pegs.--Mr. Jonathan Gove, of Hall county, has, we learn, a shoe peg machine in constant operation.  He can make from 3 pecks to a bushel per day.  Some of his pegs are now for sale in this place, and can be found at the store of Patman & Summey.  Mr. Gove authorizes us to say that if any body engaged in the business should find any difficulty in making pegs, he will take pleasure in giving them such information as they may need, by addressing him at Gainesville.
    We are pleased to record this as another evidence of Southern independence. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 7, 1862, p. 3, c. 5

Encourage Home Industry.

I have a lot of those excellent Franklin county made sifters for sale.
May 7.                                                                                                                             I. M. Kenney.

Confederate Mess Beef!

Pickled by the Southern Packing Company, in good order and warranted in quality, for sale, cheaper than bacon, by (April 16)                                                  I. M. Kenney. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 14, 1862, p. 1, c. 6
    FEMALE SOLDIER.--Yesterday a female dressed in soldier's clothes surrendered herself to the Mayor and was sent before the provost-marshal.  She gave Arnold as her name.
    We had not the pleasure of an introduction to this female patriot, but learn from those who were more fortunate, that she appears to be a woman of intelligence and gentle breeding.  She gave the names of respectable houses here in the city who knew her in her proper sphere, when she resided in Arkansas, where she says she owns a plantation.  Her story is quite a romantic one.
    She asserts that she was arrested at Richmond on suspicion of being unfriendly to the South, but was treated very civilly while held a prisoner.   She claims to have been in the battles of Manassas and Belmont, and to have been with the army in Kentucky.
    She says she left here in response to the call of Gen. Beauregard for ninety-days volunteers, and that she was in the battle of the 6th, and 7th, in which she was wounded in the foot and hand.  She came back to the city with the wounded.
    Her reason for making known her [sex] at this time was the fear of detection, and consequent trouble.  She was before the provost-marshal yesterday, and is to have another interview with that functionary to-day.
    Her reason the cause she has adopted is that she is collecting material for a history of the war, and that she adopted male attire as the plan best calculated to enable her to carry our her design.
    She has no desire to abandon her project if permitted to prosecute it in her own way.  There are others engaged with her, but their names she deems proper to withhold.  That she is an ordinary woman there is no question, and our curiosity is excited to know more of her history and her adventures in male attire.--New Orleans True Delta. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 14, 1862, p. 2, c. 4

Pioneer Paper Mill.

We are pleased to announce that this establishment has been re-built and is again in operation.  We trust we shall not be again disappointed in getting a supply of paper. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], May 21, 1862, p. 2, c. 6

Paper.

The paper upon which our present issue is printed is the first made at the Pioneer Mill, near this place, since its re-construction.  It is not such as that establishment formerly furnished, nor does any other paper-mill supply such paper as we had before the war.  We trust that our Pioneer friends may have a prosperous time in future. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 4, 1862, p. 2, c. 1

Home Industry.

While at the plantation of our highly esteemed friend Richard Dowdy, Esq. of Madison county, the other day, we looked in at the establishment of H. A. Cook & co.  The machinery all goes by water-power, and is kept busily employed in making pike handles, spinning wheels, hand looms, and other useful articles.  We commend this establishment to the attention of those in need of such articles.  Thrown entirely upon our own resources, it is important that we should do all we can towards clothing our soldiers in the field as well as the people at home.  To do this successfully, we need wheels and looms.  At the above establishment good articles can be had at reasonable prices. 
  
Mr. I. M. Kenney is agent here for the sale of wheels and looms.  Orders left with him, we are requested to say, will be promptly attended to. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 11, 1862, p. 2, c. 1
    A gentleman writing from Ware county, informs the Macon Telegraph that salt can be made from the ashes of palmetto root.  Though not as white, it is said to be equally as strong as Liverpool salt.
    The railroads of South Carolina are taking women, children, and servants from Charleston at half price. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 11, 1862, p. 3, c. 5Attention, Ladies!  The anniversary meeting of the Ladies' Volunteer Aid Society, will be held at the Town Hall, at 4 o'clock on Thursday, 12th of June.  An entire set of officers will be elected on that occasion.  The present set of officers were elected for only one year.

Cotton Manufacturer's Notice.

After an experiment of about three months, it is found to be impossible to fill all orders offered for goods.  We are therefore compelled to change the mode of disposing of our productions--to discontinue retailing at the Factory, and to make weekly sales by auction or otherwise, of which due notice will be given so soon as the orders now on hand are filled up, and when we get a quantity of goods worth offering.

                                                                                                John White, Ga. Factory.
                                                                                               
John S. Linton, Athens.
June 11                                                                                    Isaac Powell, High Shoals.

 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 6

How to Avoid a Bad Husband.

                1.  Never marry for wealth.  A woman's life consisteth not in the things she possesseth.
               
2.  Never marry a fop or one who struts about dandy-like, in his silk gloves and ruffles with a silver cane and rings on his fingers.  Beware!  There is a trap.
               
3.  Never marry a niggard, a close fisted, sordid wretch, who saves every penny, or spends it grudgingly.  Take care lest he stint you to death.
               
4.  Never marry a stranger whose character is not known or tested.  Some females jump right into the fire, with their eyes wide open.
               
5.  Never marry a mope or a drone, one who drawls and draggles through life, one foot after another, and lets things take their own course.
               
6.  Never marry a man who treats his sister or mother unkindly or indifferently.  Such treatment is a true indication of a mean and wicked man.
               
7.  Never on any account, marry a gambler or profane person, one who in the least speaks lightly of God or religion.  Such a man can never make a good husband.
               
8.  Never marry a slovenly man who is negligent of his person or dress, and is filthy in his habits.  The external appearance is an index to the heart.
               
9.  Shun the rake as the snake, a viper, a very demon.
               
In the choice of a wife, take the obedient daughter of a good mother. 

SOUTHERN WATCHMAN [ATHENS, GA], June 18, 1862, p. 1, c. 3

From the Columbus Enquirer.
Every Soldier his own Physician.

                Editor Enquirer:--Horrified at the rabidity [sic?] with which our soldiers die in camp, we are tempted to give them the following recipes, the result of some experience, in hopes that some may be saved by using remedies simple, safe, and generally sure cures:
               
To Prevent Sickness.—Have a jug of salted vinegar, seasoned with pepper, and take a mouthful just before going to bed.  The salt and vinegar make a near approach to the digestive gastric juice of the stomach, and are besides antidotes to many of the vegetable and miasmatic poisons.
               
For Pneumonia, Colds, and Coughs.—Take half a cup or less of salted pepper vinegar, fill the cup nearly full of warm water and then stir in a raw well beaten egg slowly.  Take a mouthful every 15 or 20 minutes; in the intervals slowly suck on a piece of alum.  If the attack is violent, dip a cloth in halt salted pepper vinegar and apply it round the throat, covering with dry cloths to get up a steam, and do the same to the chest.
               
For Chills.—Put a tablespoonful of salted pepper vinegar in a cup of warm water, go to bed and drink; in two hours drink a cup of strong water-willow bark tea; in two hours more another tablespoonful of the vinegar and warm water, and so on, alternating, until the fever is broken up.  After sweating, and before going into the out-door air, the body ought always to be wiped off with a cloth dipped in cold water.  Dogwood will do if water-willow cannot be obtained.
               
For Measles.—Put a small piece yeast in a tumbler of warm sweetened water, let it draw, and drink a mouthful every 15 or 20 minutes, and drink plentifully of cold or hot catnip, balson [sic], hoarhound [sic], or alder tea; and use in place of oil or salts, one tablespoonful salted pepper vinegar, melted together and taken warm.  Take once a day, if necessary—keep out of the wet and out-door air.
               
For Diarrhoea.—A teaspoonful of the salted pepper vinegar every one or two hours.  Take teaspoonful of the puffs that grow round oak twigs, powdered fine; take twice a day in one tablespoonful of brandy, wine or cordial.  If these yellow puffs cannot be found, suck frequently on a piece of alum.  The quantity of alum depends upon the severity of the attack; take slowly and little at a time.
             &n