Turabian Citation Style Guide

Turabian Citation Style Guide (Notes-Bibliography System)

Overview: This citation style is a simplified version of Chicago, tailored for students in history and humanities.

In-Text Citations (Notes)

Use superscript numbers referring to footnotes (bottom of page) or endnotes (end of document).

Example: Scholars emphasize this point.¹
Footnote: ¹ Jane Doe, The History of Modern Europe (New York: Academic Press, 2020), 45.
Subsequent Citations: ² Doe, History of Modern Europe, 67.

Bibliography

A full list of sources, alphabetized by author’s last name.

Book: Doe, Jane. The History of Modern Europe. New York: Academic Press, 2020.
Journal Article: Smith, John. "The Rise of Empires in the Modern Era." Historical Quarterly 34, no. 2 (2019): 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/hq.2019.01234.
Chapter in Edited Volume: Brown, Mary. "The Role of Women in Urban History." In Perspectives on Urbanization, edited by Robert Taylor, 45–67. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.

Formatting

Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt.
Spacing: Double-space text; single-space within footnotes and bibliography entries.
Margins: 1-inch.
Footnotes: Indent first line; double-space between entries.
Bibliography: Hanging indent; double-space between entries.

Resources